Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hrewp-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Perhaps an extension of *Hrew- (“to tear out, dig out”).[1]

Root

*Hrewp- (perfective)[2][3]

to break, tear (up)

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hrewp-

*Hréwp-t ~ *Hrup-ént (athematic root aorist)[3]
*Hrup-yé-ti (zero-grade yé-present)[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hrupyáti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hrupyáti
    - Sanskrit: रुप्यति (rúpyati, “to violate, disturb, confound; to suffer violent pain”), लुप्यति (lúpyati, “to confound, confuse, disturb”)
*Hru-né-p-ti ~ *Hru-m-p-énti (nasal-infix present)[3]
*Hrowp-éye-ti (éye-causative)[3]
- Proto-Germanic: *raubijaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hlawpáyati (“to have/cause physical pain”)[4]
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hlawpáyati
    - Sanskrit: लोपयति (lopáyati)
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hrawpáyati
    - Old Avestan: 𐬎𐬭𐬏𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬍‎ (urūpaiieⁱṇtī, 3pl.)
*Hrewp-í-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hrawpiš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hrawpiṣ
    - Sanskrit: रोपि (rópi, “acute or racking pain”)
- Proto-Italic: *roupis
  - Latin: rūpēs (“cliff, crag”) (see there for further descendants)
*Hréwp-o-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hráwpas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hráwpas
    - Sanskrit: रोप (rópa, “disturbing, confusing”), लोप (lópa, “breaking, injury, destruction”)
*Hrowp-éh₂[5], *Hrowp-óm
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *rupa
    - Bulgarian: ру́па (rúpa)
    - Serbo-Croatian: (“hole”)
      - Cyrillic: ру̏па
      - Latin: rȕpa
- Proto-Germanic: *raubō[5] (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *raubōną
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hrawpám
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hrawpám
    - Sanskrit: रोप (ropá, “hole, fissure”)
*Hrowp-ó-s (“plundering, pillage, loot”)[6]
- Proto-Germanic: *raubaz, *raubą[6] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hlawpás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hlawpás
    - Sanskrit: लोप (lopá)
      - Gujarati: લોપ (lop)
      - Hindi: लोप (lop)
      - Bengali: লোপ (lop)
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hlawpáh
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (lwp /rōb/)
      - ⇒ Middle Persian: [script needed] (lwpk /rōbag/)
*Hrup-tó-m
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hluptám
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hluptám
    - Sanskrit: लुप्त (luptá, “plunder, loot”)
*Hrup-tó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hluptás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hluptás
    - Sanskrit: लुप्त (luptá, “broken, injured, violated”)
      - →Tatsama:
        Gujarati: લુપ્ત (lupt)
        Hindi: लुप्त (lupt)
        Telugu: లుప్తము (luptamu)
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: ruptus (see there for further descendants)
*Hrówp-tro-m
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hláwptram
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hláwptram
    - Sanskrit: लोप्त्र (loptra, “stolen property, loot”)
*Hrewp-i-yo-
- Proto-Tocharian: *krupiye[7]
  - Tocharian A: kärpi
  - Tocharian B: kärpiye

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 868
Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*reu̯p-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 510-511
Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*Hraup”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 195-196
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*raubō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 406
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*rauba-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 406
Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “kärpiye”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 174

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 868

[2] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[LIV-3] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*reu̯p-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 510-511

[Cheung-4] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*Hraup”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 195-196

[Kroonen_raubō-5] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*raubō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 406

[Kroonen_rauba-6] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*rauba-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 406

[7] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “kärpiye”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 174