Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*gʰeldʰ-[1][2]

Root

*g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ-[3][4][5][6]

to be greedy, hungry

Derived terms

*ge-g⁽ʷ⁾óldʰ-e ~ *ge-g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ḗr (reduplicated root stative)[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰagáldʰa ~ *ǰagr̥dʰā́r
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agáldʰa ~ *ȷ́agr̥dʰā́r
    - Sanskrit: जागृधुर् (jāgṛdhúr, “are greedy”, 3pl.act.)
*g⁽ʷ⁾óldʰ-e ~ *g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ḗr (root stative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáldʰa ~ *gr̥dʰā́r
  - Proto-Iranian: *gálda ~ *gr̥dā́r[4]
    - ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *wigálda ~ *wigr̥dā́r (+ *wi-[7])
      - Pashto: غوښتل‎ (ǧoẍtël) (غواړي‎ (ǧwâṛí, 3sg.pres.act.))
*g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-éh₁ye-ti (reduplicated root stative)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gil̃dḗˀtei
  - Proto-Slavic: *žьlděti (“to desire”)
*g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ét (root thematic aorist)[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hágr̥dʰat
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hágr̥dʰat
    - Sanskrit: अगृधत् (ágṛdhat, “has become greedy”)
*g⁽ʷ⁾ĺ̥dʰ-ye-ti (zero-grade ye-present)[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gŕ̥dʰyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gŕ̥dʰyati
    - Sanskrit: गृध्यति (gṛ́dhyati, “to be greedy”)
*g⁽ʷ⁾oldʰ-ó-s[3][6]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *galdás
  - Proto-Slavic: *gȏldъ (“hunger”) (see there for further descendants)
*g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ró-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥dʰrás (“greedy”)
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥dʰrás
    - Sanskrit: गृध्र (gṛ́dhra)
  - Proto-Iranian: *gr̥dráh
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀‎ (gər^əδa) (< *gərᵊδra[5])

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959), “gheldh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 434
Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006), “*gheldh-”, in The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 341
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*g^(u̯)eldʰ-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 185
Cheung, Johnny (2007), “gard²”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 106-107
Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “gardh”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 174
Morgenstierne, Georg (2003), “γwāṛ-: γox̌t-”, in Elfenbein, J.; MacKenzie, D. N.; Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “gheldh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 434

[2] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006), “*gheldh-”, in The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 341

[LIV-3] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*g^(u̯)eldʰ-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 185

[C-4] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “gard²”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 106-107

[L-5] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “gardh”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[Derksen-6] Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 174

[7] Morgenstierne, Georg (2003), “γwāṛ-: γox̌t-”, in Elfenbein, J.; MacKenzie, D. N.; Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN