< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷṓws
Proto-Indo-European
Noun
*gʷṓws m or f[1][2]
- cattle
Inflection
Athematic, acrostatic | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | |||
nominative | *gʷṓws | ||
genitive | *gʷéws | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | *gʷṓws | *gʷówh₁(e) | *gʷówes |
vocative | *gʷów | *gʷówh₁(e) | *gʷówes |
accusative | *gʷṓm | *gʷówh₁(e) | *gʷówm̥s |
genitive | *gʷéws | *? | *gʷéwoHom |
ablative | *gʷéws | *? | *gʷéwmos |
dative | *gʷéwey | *? | *gʷéwmos |
locative | *gʷéw, *gʷéwi | *? | *gʷéwsu |
instrumental | *gʷéwh₁ | *? | *gʷéwmis |
Derived terms
- *gʷow-kʷólh₁-o-s (“cowherd”) (+ *kʷelh₁- (“to make a turn, turn around”))[1]
- Proto-Celtic: *boukolyos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *gʷoukólos (see there for further descendants)
- *gʷow-io- or *gʷh₃ew-io-
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: կոգի (kogi, “butter”)
- Armenian:
- *gʷow-wr̥sen- (“male cow, bull”)[3]
- Sanskrit: गोवृष (govṛṣa)
- Proto-Tocharian: *kauwärṣän (see there for further descendants)
Descendants
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷṓws
- Proto-Albanian: *gau
- ⇒ Proto-Albanian: *gauka
- Albanian: gak (“boar”)
- ⇒ Proto-Albanian: *gauka
- Proto-Albanian: *kē (from earlier *kʷē) (an early loanword from a different IE language)
- Albanian: ka (“ox”)
- Proto-Anatolian:
- Luwian:
- Anatolian Hieroglyphs: 𔑺𔗬𔗔 (BOSwa/i-s(a) /wawis/)
- Luwian:
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: կով (kov)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gaw-, *gōw-
- Latgalian: gūvs
- Latvian: govs
- ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *govędo < *gʷew-n̥d- (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *gumьno (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *gavęzь (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *bāus (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *kūz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *gʷous (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gā́wš (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *gʷōs (see there for further descendants)
- Thracian: bonassos (possibly)
- Proto-Tocharian: *kew- [4] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian:
- Tocharian B: kaiyye[5]
References
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “gu̯ou-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 482-483
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “kauᵤrṣe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 222-223
- Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “keᵤ”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 201-202
- Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “kaiyye”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 214
Further reading
- オオシロ, テルマサ (1988), “Some Luwian words of Indo-European origin”, in Orient, volume 24, page 50: “(7) ox (482)”