< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰénti
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Athematic root present of the root *gʷʰen-.
Verb
*gʷʰénti (imperfective)
- to be striking down, killing, slaying
Inflection
| Imperfective, athematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *gʷʰénti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *gʷʰnénti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *gʷʰénmi | *gʷʰénm̥ | — | *gʷʰénoh₂ | *gʷʰn̥yéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *gʷʰénsi | *gʷʰéns | *gʷʰén, *gʷʰn̥dʰí | *gʷʰénesi | *gʷʰn̥yéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *gʷʰénti | *gʷʰént | *gʷʰéntu | *gʷʰéneti | *gʷʰn̥yéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *gʷʰn̥wós | *gʷʰn̥wé | — | *gʷʰénowos | *gʷʰnih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *gʷʰn̥tés | *gʷʰn̥tóm | *gʷʰn̥tóm | *gʷʰénetes | *gʷʰnih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *gʷʰn̥tés | *gʷʰn̥tā́m | *gʷʰn̥tā́m | *gʷʰénetes | *gʷʰnih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *gʷʰn̥mós | *gʷʰn̥mé | — | *gʷʰénomos | *gʷʰnih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *gʷʰn̥té | *gʷʰn̥té | *gʷʰn̥té | *gʷʰénete | *gʷʰnih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *gʷʰnénti | *gʷʰnént | *gʷʰnéntu | *gʷʰénonti | *gʷʰnih₁ént |
| Participle | *gʷʰnónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *gʷʰn̥h₂ér | *gʷʰn̥h₂é | — | *gʷʰénoh₂er | *gʷʰnih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *gʷʰn̥th₂ér | *gʷʰn̥th₂é | *gʷʰn̥só | *gʷʰéneth₂er | *gʷʰnih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *gʷʰn̥tór, *gʷʰnór | *gʷʰn̥tó, *gʷʰnó | *? | *gʷʰénetor | *gʷʰnih₁tó, *gʷʰnih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *gʷʰn̥wósdʰh₂ | *gʷʰn̥wédʰh₂ | — | *gʷʰénowosdʰh₂ | *gʷʰnih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *gʷʰn̥mósdʰh₂ | *gʷʰn̥médʰh₂ | — | *gʷʰénomosdʰh₂ | *gʷʰnih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *gʷʰn̥dʰh₂wé | *gʷʰn̥dʰh₂wé | *gʷʰn̥dʰh₂wé | *gʷʰénedʰh₂we | *gʷʰnih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *gʷʰn̥rór, *gʷʰnn̥tór | *gʷʰn̥ró, *gʷʰnn̥tó | *? | *gʷʰénoror, *gʷʰénontor | *gʷʰnih₁ró, *gʷʰnih₁n̥tó |
| Participle | *gʷʰnm̥h₁nós | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-Anatolian: *gʷénti
- Hittite: 𒆪𒂗𒍣 (ku-en-zi /kuenzi/, “to strike”)[1]
- Lycian: 𐊌𐊙𐊑𐊗𐊆 (qãñti, 3pl.pres.act.)
- Armenian:[2]
- Old Armenian: ջնեմ (ǰnem)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gúntei[3] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *gʷaneti[4] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰʰánti (see there for further descendants)
References
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “kue(n)-zi / kun- / kuu̯a(n)-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 561-562
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “ǰin”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 558-559
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “ginti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 177
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*gʷan-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 144