< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷíh₃weti
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Apparently from the adjective *gʷih₃wós, from *gʷeyh₃-.
However, Gąsiorowski (2006)[1] takes this verb (and thus the root) to be an irregular dissimilation of *gʷígʷwe-, an isolated reduplicating thematic present from a lost *gʷew- (“move”) (?) with an o-grade root noun in *gʷṓws.
Verb
*gʷíh₃weti (imperfective)[2]
- to live, to be alive
Inflection
| Imperfective, thematic, active only | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *gʷíh₃weti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *gʷíh₃wonti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *gʷíh₃woh₂ | *gʷíh₃wom | — | *gʷíh₃wōh₂ | *gʷíh₃woyh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *gʷíh₃wesi | *gʷíh₃wes | *gʷíh₃we | *gʷíh₃wēsi | *gʷíh₃woys |
| 3rd singular | *gʷíh₃weti | *gʷíh₃wet | *gʷíh₃wetu | *gʷíh₃wēti | *gʷíh₃woyt |
| 1st dual | *gʷíh₃wowos | *gʷíh₃wowe | — | *gʷíh₃wōwos | *gʷíh₃woywe |
| 2nd dual | *gʷíh₃wetes | *gʷíh₃wetom | *gʷíh₃wetom | *gʷíh₃wētes | *gʷíh₃woytom |
| 3rd dual | *gʷíh₃wetes | *gʷíh₃wetām | *gʷíh₃wetām | *gʷíh₃wētes | *gʷíh₃woytām |
| 1st plural | *gʷíh₃womos | *gʷíh₃wome | — | *gʷíh₃wōmos | *gʷíh₃woyme |
| 2nd plural | *gʷíh₃wete | *gʷíh₃wete | *gʷíh₃wete | *gʷíh₃wēte | *gʷíh₃woyte |
| 3rd plural | *gʷíh₃wonti | *gʷíh₃wont | *gʷíh₃wontu | *gʷíh₃wōnti | *gʷíh₃woyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *gʷíh₃wonts | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwetei
- Latvian: dzīt, dzīvot
- Lithuanian: gyventi
- Old Prussian: gi(j)wan
- Proto-Slavic: *žiti (see there for further descendants)
- Celtic:
- Breton: beva
- Scottish Gaelic: bi
- Welsh: byw
- Proto-Hellenic: *ďṓwō (< *gʷyṓw-ō < *gʷyéh₃w-oh₂)
- Ancient Greek: ζώω (zṓō), ζῶ (zô), ζάω (záō)
- Greek: ζω (zo)
- Ancient Greek: ζώω (zṓō), ζῶ (zô), ζάω (záō)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰíHwati (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *gʷīwō
- Latin: vīvō (see there for further descendants)
- Tocharian: (from *gwíh₃-ō)
- Tocharian A: śo-
- Tocharian B: śai-
References
- http://www.academia.edu/1499772/The_Meaning_of_Life_PIE_g_ih_u_
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN