< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷérh₃ti
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Athematic root present of *gʷerh₃-.
Verb
*gʷérh₃ti (imperfective)[1][2]
- to swallow, devour, eat
Inflection
| Imperfective, athematic, active only | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *gʷérh₃ti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *gʷr̥h₃énti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *gʷérh₃mi | *gʷérh₃m̥ | — | *gʷérh₃oh₂ | *gʷr̥h₃yéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *gʷérh₃si | *gʷérh₃s | *gʷérh₃, *gʷr̥h₃dʰí | *gʷérh₃esi | *gʷr̥h₃yéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *gʷérh₃ti | *gʷérh₃t | *gʷérh₃tu | *gʷérh₃eti | *gʷr̥h₃yéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *gʷr̥h₃wós | *gʷr̥h₃wé | — | *gʷérh₃owos | *gʷr̥h₃ih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *gʷr̥h₃tés | *gʷr̥h₃tóm | *gʷr̥h₃tóm | *gʷérh₃etes | *gʷr̥h₃ih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *gʷr̥h₃tés | *gʷr̥h₃tā́m | *gʷr̥h₃tā́m | *gʷérh₃etes | *gʷr̥h₃ih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *gʷr̥h₃mós | *gʷr̥h₃mé | — | *gʷérh₃omos | *gʷr̥h₃ih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *gʷr̥h₃té | *gʷr̥h₃té | *gʷr̥h₃té | *gʷérh₃ete | *gʷr̥h₃ih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *gʷr̥h₃énti | *gʷr̥h₃ént | *gʷr̥h₃éntu | *gʷérh₃onti | *gʷr̥h₃ih₁ént |
| Participle | *gʷr̥h₃ónts | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-Albanian: *engranti[3][4]
- Albanian: hangër (Gheg)
- Albanian: ngrënë, ngranë (Tosk) (past participles of ha)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtei[5]
- Latvian: dzer̂t (“to drink”)
- Lithuanian: gerti (“to drink”)
- ⇒ Lithuanian: gìrtas (“drunk, intoxicated”)
- Proto-Slavic: *žèrti (“to devour, eat”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *kwerraną (“to devour”) (see there for further descendants)
References
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gu̯erh₃-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 211-212
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*kwerþra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 318
- Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 215
- Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “ngrënë”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 297
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “gerti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172