Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷem-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Perhaps some variation or gradation of *gʷeh₂- seen also on *mendʰ- - *meh₂dʰ-, *med- - *meh₁-/*meh₁d-.

Root

*gʷem- (perfective)

to step[1]
to go
to stand

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷem-

*gʷém-t ~ *gʷm-ént (root aorist)
*gʷm̥-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)[1]
*gʷm̥-yé-ti (ye-present)
- Proto-Hellenic: *gʷəňňō (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *gʷenjō (see there for further descendants)
*gʷḿ̥s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gás
    - Sanskrit: ग (ga)
*gʷém-e-ti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gámati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gámati
    - Vedic Sanskrit: गमति (gámati)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰámati (see there for further descendants)
*gʷe-gʷóm-e ~ *gʷe-gʷm-ḗr (stative)
*gʷém-ti-s ~ *gʷm̥-téy-s
*gʷém-tu-s ~ *gʷm̥-téw-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gántuš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gántuṣ
    - Sanskrit: गन्तु (gántu)
- Proto-Italic: *gʷentus
  - Latin: ventus
*gʷm̥-tó-s
*gʷm̥-dʰ-mo-
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: βαθμός (bathmós)
Unsorted formations:
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: եկ (ek)
    - Armenian: եկ (ek)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Old Prussian: gemton (“to give birth (to)”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: gỹmis (“birth; nature; face”)[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: giminė̃ (“family, kin; genus; gender; (dial.) relative”)[3]
    - → Latvian: ģimene
  - Sudovian: gimna (“family; uncles, their wives”)
- Proto-Tocharian: *kʷäm-
  - Tocharian A: kum-
  - Tocharian B: käm-

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gam-
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gam-
  - Sanskrit: गम् (gam)
- Proto-Iranian: *gam-
  - Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬨‎ (gam)

References

Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Derksen, Rick (2015), “gymis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 176–177
Derksen, Rick (2015), “giminė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 176

[Ringe_2006-1] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[2] Derksen, Rick (2015), “gymis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 176–177

[3] Derksen, Rick (2015), “giminė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 176