Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gleh₁y-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*gley-[1][2]
*gleyH-[3]

Etymology

Possibly an extended form of *gleh₁- (“ball, lump (of earth)”).

Pokorny tentatively derives it from *gel- (“to roll up together, into a ball; round object”).

Root

*gleh₁y-[1][3][2]

to smear, putty
to stick, glue

Extensions

*gleh₁y-bʰ- (“to stick”)

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gleh₁y-

*gléh₁i-ti (athematic root present)[4]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gléiˀtei
  - Lithuanian: gliejù, gliēti (“to smear, putty”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gráHiti
  - Proto-Iranian: *gráHitī
    - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (γrcy-, “to roll; to smear with clay”)
*gl̥h₁i-néh₂-ti ~ *gl̥h₁i-nh₂-énti (*néh₂-present)[1][3][5]
- Proto-Celtic: *glinati (“to glue”)[1][6]
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Middle Breton: englenaff
    - Middle Welsh: glynu
    - Cornish: glena
  - Old Irish: glenaid
- Proto-Germanic: *klinaną (“to smear, stick”)[7]
  - Old High German: klenan
    - Middle High German: klenen
*gléh₁i-neh₂[5][8]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gléiˀnāˀ (“clay”)[9] (see there for further descendants)
*gléh₁y-n̥ ~ *gl̥h₁y-én-s[5]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: γλῑ́νη (glī́nē)
*gleh₁i-wéh₂[7][10]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gléiˀwāˀ (“slime, fungus”)[11]
  - Latvian: glīve
  - Lithuanian: gleīvės
  - Proto-Slavic: *glìva (“fungus”)[10] (see there for further descendants)
  - → Proto-Finnic: *liiva (“slime”)
- Proto-Germanic: *klīwō[7]
  - Old High German: klīwa, klīa, klīga
    - Middle High German: klīwe, klīe
      - German: Kleie (“bran”)
*gléh₁y-o-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gráHyas
  - Proto-Iranian: *gráHyah[12]
    - Shughni: [script needed] (jiray, “pottery clay”)
    - Yidgha: [script needed] (γuroi, “clay, earth, mud”)
*gl̥h₁í-h₂
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: γλία (glía, “glue”)
*gl̥h₁y-ó-s[13]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *glьjь (“clay, loam”)[1][13] (see there for further descendants)
*gl̥h₁i-t-tó-s[14]
- Proto-Italic: *glittos
  - Latin: glittus (“sticky, cohesive”)
*gl̥h₁i-t-us
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *glitus
  - Latvian: glits, glîts (“slippery”)
  - Lithuanian: glitùs (“sticky”), (dialectal) glytùs
*gl̥h₁i-yó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *grHiyás
  - Proto-Iranian: *grHiyáh[15][12]
    - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (γг’h, “clay, dirt”)
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (grīha-)
    - Sogdian: [script needed] (γг’у, “mud, clay, pottery”)
*glóh₁i-mo-s[14]
- Proto-Germanic: *klaimaz (“clay, mortar”)[7] (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *klaimijaną (“to smear with clay, mortar”)[7]
    - Old English: clǣman
      - Middle English: clemen
        English: cleam
    - Old Dutch: *klēmen
      - Middle Dutch: clêmen
    - Old High German: kleimen
    - Old Norse:
      - Faroese: kleima
      - Elfdalian: kliema
      - Westrobothnian: klejm
*gloh₁i-ni-s[16]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gláiˀnis
  - Proto-Slavic: *glěnь (“clay, loam”)[16] (see there for further descendants)
*glóh₁i-t-n̥ ~ *gl̥h₁y-t-én-s (“slime, glue”)[14]
- Proto-Italic: *gloiten (“clay, mortar”)[14]
  - Latin: glūten (see there for further descendants)
*glóh₁i-to-m
- Proto-Germanic: *klaiþą (see there for further descendants)
*gloh₁i-wó-s (“sticky; sticky substance”)[2][17][5][18]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gláiˀwa
  - Proto-Slavic: *glěvъ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: γλοιός (gloiós) (< earlier *γλοιϝός (*gloiwós) or *γλοιι̯ός (*gloii̯ós) (for which see below))[1][5]
*gloh₁i-y-ó-s[7]
- Proto-Germanic: *klajjaz (“clay”)[1][7] (or from *gloh₁i-wó-s above) (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-West Germanic: *klaij (“clay”)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *gleitja (< *gley-t-y-)
  - ⇒ Proto-Albanian: *en-gleitja[19]
    - Albanian: ngjis (“to stick to, glue”)
- Proto-Albanian: *glitja
  - ⇒ Proto-Albanian: *en-glitja
    - Albanian: ngjit
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Lydian: 𐤨𐤷𐤦𐤣𐤠‎ (kλida, “earth”) (probably)
- >? Proto-Armenian:
  - Middle Armenian: կաղջին (kałǰin)
- Proto-Germanic: *klainijaz, *klainiz (“*shiny > fine, clean, splendid”)[20] (see there for further descendants)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959), “glei”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 362–364
Fick, August (1890–1909) Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), 4th edition, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*glei̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 190
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glieti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 183: “*gleh₁i-”
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 276-277: “*γλοιϝός”
Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “*gli-na-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 160
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*klajja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 291-292: “*gloi-(i)o-”
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glìna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, [https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-the-slavic-inherited-lexicon/page/
- gléˀināˀ?view=theater page *gléˀināˀ]
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glìva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 182
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glìna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, [https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-the-slavic-inherited-lexicon/page/
- gléˀināˀ?view=theater page *gléˀināˀ]
Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*1grai- : gri-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 283-284
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glьjь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 168
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “glūten”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 266-267: “*gloiten-”
Gharib, B. (1995), “ɣг’у”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 167: “*griya”
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glĕnь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 163
Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 122: “*gloiwos ‘clay’”
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glěvъ; *glěvь; *glěva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 163
Orel, Vladimir (1998), “ngjis”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*klainja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 290

[IEW-1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “glei”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 362–364

[Fick-2] Fick, August (1890–1909) Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), 4th edition, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht

[LIV-3] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*glei̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 190

[4] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glieti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 183: “*gleh₁i-”

[Beekes-5] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 276-277: “*γλοιϝός”

[6] Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “*gli-na-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 160

[Kroonen-7] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*klajja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 291-292: “*gloi-(i)o-”

[9] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glìna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, [https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-the-slavic-inherited-lexicon/page/
gléˀināˀ?view=theater page *gléˀināˀ]

[9] éˀināˀ?view=theater page *gléˀināˀ]

[Derksen_4-10] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glìva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 182

[11] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glìna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, [https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-the-slavic-inherited-lexicon/page/
gléˀināˀ?view=theater page *gléˀināˀ]

[12] éˀināˀ?view=theater page *gléˀināˀ]

[ESIJa-12] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*1grai- : gri-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 283-284

[Derksen_1-13] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glьjь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 168

[De_Vaan-14] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “glūten”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 266-267: “*gloiten-”

[15] Gharib, B. (1995), “ɣг’у”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 167: “*griya”

[Derksen_2-16] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glĕnь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 163

[17] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 122: “*gloiwos ‘clay’”

[18] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*glěvъ; *glěvь; *glěva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 163

[19] Orel, Vladimir (1998), “ngjis”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN

[20] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*klainja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 290