Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰerh₃-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*dʰerh₃-[1]

to leap, spring

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰerh₃-

*dʰérh₃-ti ~ *dʰr̥h₃-énti (athematic root present)[1][2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *durˀtei (“to stab, prick”)[3]
  - Lithuanian: dùrti
  - Latvian: dur̃t
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἔθορον (éthoron, “to leap”)
*dʰorh₃-éye-ti (éye-causative)[2]
- Proto-Germanic: *darjaną[2]
  - Proto-West Germanic: *darjan (“to hurt”) (see there for further descendants)
*dʰr̥h₃-sḱ-éti (sḱe-present)[1]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: θρῴσκω (thrṓiskō, “to spring, leap”)
*dʰr̥h₃-yé-ti (zero-grade ye-present)[1][4]
- Proto-Celtic: *daryeti (“to bull, force oneself, leap upon”)[4]
  - Old Irish: dairid
    - Irish: doir
*dʰórh₃-eh₂[2]
- Proto-Germanic: *darō (“injury”)[2] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰā́raH (“edge, blade; gush”)
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰā́raH
    - Sanskrit: धारा (dhā́rā)
  - Proto-Iranian: *dā́raH
    - Avestan: 𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁‎ (dārā)
    - → Old Armenian: դար (dar)

References

Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*dʰerh₃-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 146
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*darjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 89: “*dʰorh₃-éie-”
Derksen, Rick (2015), “*durti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 147
Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*dar(y)o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 91

[LIV-1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*dʰerh₃-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 146

[Kroonen-2] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*darjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 89: “*dʰorh₃-éie-”

[3] Derksen, Rick (2015), “*durti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 147

[Matasovic-4] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*dar(y)o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 91