Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰegʷʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*dʰegʷʰ- (imperfective)[1][2][3][4][5]

to burn
warm, hot

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰegʷʰ-

*dʰégʷʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)[2]
*dʰogʷʰ-éye-ti (*éye-causative)[1]
- ⇒ Proto-Albanian: *en-dadžja
  - Albanian: ndez
- Proto-Celtic: *degʷyeti (“to flame, blaze”)[6]
  - Welsh: deifio
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰāǰʰáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dāźʰáyati
    - Sanskrit: दाहयति (dāháyati)
- Proto-Italic: *foɣʷeō (see there for further descendants)
*dʰḗgʷʰ- (aorist) or *dʰḗgʷʰ-s- (s-aorist)[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hádʰākš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hádʰākṣ
    - Sanskrit: अधाक् (ádhāk)
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: tsekär (3pl.), tseksamai (1sg.med.)
*dʰgʷʰ-éh₁ye-ti ~ *dʰgʷʰ-éh₁yonti (thematic *éh₁-stative)[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gžʰáHyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gẓʰáHyati
    - Sanskrit: क्षायति (kṣā́yati)
*dʰgʷʰ-éy-ti (*éh₁-stative)
- *dʰgʷʰey- (“to decline, perish”, reanalyzed root)
*dʰegʷʰ-i-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dеgis, *dаgis
  - Lithuanian: dẽgis
- Proto-Celtic: *degʷis (“flame, blaze”)[6]
  - Old Irish: daig
    - Irish: daigh, doigh
  - Middle Welsh: goddeith
    - Welsh: goddaith
*dʰogʷʰ-éh₂[7]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dagāˀ
  - Latvian: daga
  - Lithuanian: dagà
  - Old Prussian: dagis
*dʰógʷʰ-r̥ ~ *dʰgʷʰ-éns (“burning”)[8]
- *dʰegʷʰr-h₂[8]
  - Proto-Hellenic:
    - Ancient Greek: τέφρα (téphra) (see there for further descendants)
- *dʰegʷʰr-i-s[9]
  - Proto-Italic: *feɣʷris[9]
    - Latin: febris (“fever”) (see there for further descendants)
- *dʰógʷʰr-us ~ *dʰgʷʰr-éws
  - *dʰégʷʰrw-o-m
    - Proto-Italic: *feɣʷrwom[9]
      - Latin: februum (“means of purification”)
*dʰégʷʰ-teh₂
- Proto-Celtic: *uɸo-dextā[6]
  - Middle Welsh: goddeith
(possibly) *dʰₔgʷʰ-tós (?)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰagdʰás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dagdʰás
    - Sanskrit: दग्ध (dagdhá, “burned”)
(possibly) *dʰogʷʰ-o-s
- Proto-Germanic: *dagaz (loss of labiovelar unexplained, **dawaz expected)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: հր-դեհ (hr-deh) (possible borrowing)
Proto-Germanic: *diurijaz (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic:
- Latin: fōmes
Proto-Italic:
- Latin: *fovimentum
  - Latin: fōmentum (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Albanian: *və-dez
- Albanian: dhez

Descendants

Sanskrit: दह् (dah)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959), “dheg^u̯h-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 240-241
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*dʰeg^u̯ʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 133-134
Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*daǰ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 53-54
Orel, Vladimir (1998), “ndez”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 284
Orel, Vladimir (1998), “djeg”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 68
Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*degʷi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 93
Derksen, Rick (2015), “daga”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 110
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “τέφρα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1475-1476
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “febris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 208

[IEW-1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “dheg^u̯h-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 240-241

[LIV-2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*dʰeg^u̯ʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 133-134

[3] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*daǰ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 53-54

[4] Orel, Vladimir (1998), “ndez”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 284

[5] Orel, Vladimir (1998), “djeg”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 68

[Matasovic-6] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*degʷi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 93

[7] Derksen, Rick (2015), “daga”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 110

[Beekes-8] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “τέφρα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1475-1476

[DeVaan-9] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “febris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 208