< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dl̥h₁gʰós
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From the stem *delh₁gʰ- (“~ to be long; to last, endure”), found in Ancient Greek ἐνδελεχέω (endelekhéō, “to continue”), ἐνδελεχής (endelekhḗs, “continuous”) and probably Latin indulgeō (“to concede”),[1] which appears to be a compound of a marginally attested root *del(h₁)- (“long”) (cf. Russian длина́ (dliná), Old Czech dél (“length”),[2] Proto-Slavic *dьliti (“to last, prolong, delay”)[3] and Old Norse tálma (“to hinder”)) plus an unknown root *h₁egʰ- or suffix *-gʰ-.[4]
Resemblance to the synonym *dlongʰos is conspicuous and probably not by coincidence, but a formal connection is difficult, due to the presence of the laryngeal in one but not the other.
Adjective
*dl̥h₁gʰós (non-ablauting)[5][6]
- long
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *dl̥h₁gʰós | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂ | |
| genitive | *dl̥h₁gʰósyo | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dl̥h₁gʰós | *dl̥h₁gʰóh₁ | *dl̥h₁gʰóes |
| vocative | *dl̥h₁gʰé | *dl̥h₁gʰóh₁ | *dl̥h₁gʰóes |
| accusative | *dl̥h₁gʰóm | *dl̥h₁gʰóh₁ | *dl̥h₁gʰóms |
| genitive | *dl̥h₁gʰósyo | *? | *dl̥h₁gʰóHom |
| ablative | *dl̥h₁gʰéad | *? | *dl̥h₁gʰómos |
| dative | *dl̥h₁gʰóey | *? | *dl̥h₁gʰómos |
| locative | *dl̥h₁gʰéy, *dl̥h₁gʰóy | *? | *dl̥h₁gʰóysu |
| instrumental | *dl̥h₁gʰóh₁ | *? | *dl̥h₁gʰṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂ | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂h₁(e) | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂es |
| vocative | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂ | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂h₁(e) | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂es |
| accusative | *dl̥h₁gʰā́m | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂h₁(e) | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂s | *? | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂s | *? | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂mos |
| dative | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂ey | *? | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂mos |
| locative | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂, *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂i | *? | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂su |
| instrumental | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂h₁ | *? | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂mis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dl̥h₁gʰóm | *dl̥h₁gʰóy(h₁) | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂ |
| vocative | *dl̥h₁gʰóm | *dl̥h₁gʰóy(h₁) | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂ |
| accusative | *dl̥h₁gʰóm | *dl̥h₁gʰóy(h₁) | *dl̥h₁gʰéh₂ |
| genitive | *dl̥h₁gʰósyo | *? | *dl̥h₁gʰóHom |
| ablative | *dl̥h₁gʰéad | *? | *dl̥h₁gʰómos |
| dative | *dl̥h₁gʰóey | *? | *dl̥h₁gʰómos |
| locative | *dl̥h₁gʰéy, *dl̥h₁gʰóy | *? | *dl̥h₁gʰóysu |
| instrumental | *dl̥h₁gʰóh₁ | *? | *dl̥h₁gʰṓys |
Related terms
- *dlongʰos
Descendants
- Albanian: gjatë (< *dlata < *dlagta; regular loss of first stop in dental clusters)
- Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒁍𒁕𒀸 (GÍD.DA-aš)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dílˀgas[7] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *tulguz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: δολιχός (dolikhós)[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dr̥Hgʰás (see there for further descendants)
References
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “δολιχός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 345–346
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*dьlь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 134
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*dьliti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 133
- Cf. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “5. *del-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 196–197
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “*taluki- / talugai-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 946-947
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*dь̀lgъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 133: “BSl. *dílʔgos”
Further reading
- Blažek, Václav (2015), “Indoevropský etymon dlouhý ve světle slovanských a tocharských kontinuantů”, in Linguistica Brunensia, volume 63, issue 2, page 27