< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰéydt
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Athematic root verb of the root *bʰeyd-.
Verb
*bʰéydt (perfective)[1]
- to split
Inflection
| Perfective, athematic | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *bʰéydt | |||
| 3rd plural | *bʰidént | |||
| Active voice | Indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *bʰéydm̥ | — | *bʰéydoh₂ | *bʰidyéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *bʰéyds | *bʰéyd, *bʰiddʰí | *bʰéydesi | *bʰidyéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *bʰéydt | *bʰéydtu | *bʰéydeti | *bʰidyéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *bʰidwé | — | *bʰéydowos | *bʰidih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *bʰidtóm | *bʰidtóm | *bʰéydetes | *bʰidih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *bʰidtā́m | *bʰidtā́m | *bʰéydetes | *bʰidih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *bʰidmé | — | *bʰéydomos | *bʰidih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *bʰidté | *bʰidté | *bʰéydete | *bʰidih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *bʰidént | *bʰidéntu | *bʰéydonti | *bʰidih₁ént |
| Participle | *bʰidónts | |||
| Middle voice | Indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *bʰidh₂é | — | *bʰéydoh₂er | *bʰidih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *bʰidth₂é | *bʰidsó | *bʰéydeth₂er | *bʰidih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *bʰidtó, *bʰidó | *? | *bʰéydetor | *bʰidih₁tó, *bʰidih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *bʰidwédʰh₂ | — | *bʰéydowosdʰh₂ | *bʰidih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *bʰidmédʰh₂ | — | *bʰéydomosdʰh₂ | *bʰidih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *bʰiddʰh₂wé | *bʰiddʰh₂wé | *bʰéydedʰh₂we | *bʰidih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *bʰidró, *bʰidn̥tó | *? | *bʰéydoror, *bʰéydontor | *bʰidih₁ró, *bʰidih₁n̥tó |
| Participle | *bʰidm̥h₁nós | |||
Descendants
- Proto-Germanic: *bītaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: φείδομαι (pheídomai, “to spare”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hábʰayt
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hábʰayt
- Sanskrit: अभेत् (ábhet), भेदति (bhédati)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hábʰayt
References
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN