< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰrem-
Proto-Indo-European
Root
*bʰrem-[1][2][3]
- to make noise
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰrem-
- *bʰrém-e-ti (thematic root present)[4][5][6][7]
- Proto-Celtic: *bremeti
- Proto-Brythonic: *brėβ̃ɨd
- Middle Welsh: brefu, brefad
- Gaulish: Bremia, Bremenium
- Proto-Brythonic: *brėβ̃ɨd
- Proto-Germanic: *bremaną (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰrámati (unless =*bʰrámHati; the root is uncertain[8])
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰrámati
- Sanskrit: भ्रमति (bhrámati, “to wander, rove, ramble”)[9]
- Proto-Iranian: *brámati
- Parthian: 𐫁𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫖 (brmʾm, 1sg.pres.ind.), 𐫁𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫖 (brmʾm, 1pl.pres.ind.), 𐫁𐫡𐫖𐫏𐫗𐫅 (brmynd, 3pl.pres.ind.)
- Middle Persian: [script needed] (blʾmynd /brāmēnd/, 3sg.pres.ind.)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰrámati
- Proto-Italic: *fremō
- Latin: fremō
- Proto-Celtic: *bremeti
- *bʰrm̥-néh₂-ti[10]
- Proto-Germanic: *brummōną (see there for further descendants)
- *bʰr̥m-éh₁ye-ti
- Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Slavic: *brьměti
- West Slavic:
- Polish: brzmieć
- West Slavic:
- Proto-Slavic: *brьměti
- Balto-Slavic:
- *bʰrém-ti-s ~ *bʰrm̥-téy-s
- Proto-Germanic: *brumþiz
- *bʰrōm-is
- Proto-Germanic: *brōmiz
- bʰrem-onts
- >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰramants (or *bʰrámHants; cf. *bʰrám(H)ati above)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰramants
- Sanskrit: भ्रमत् (bhramat, “wandering about, roaming”)[9]
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰramants
- >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰramants (or *bʰrámHants; cf. *bʰrám(H)ati above)
- *bʰŕ̥m-gos
- >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰŕ̥ngas
- >? Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰŕ̥ngas
- Sanskrit: भृङ्ग (bhṛ́ṅga, “a species of large black bee, the humble bee”)[9]
- >? Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰŕ̥ngas
- >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰŕ̥ngas
References
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “*bherem-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 142-143
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰrem-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 94
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*brem-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 76
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*breman- ~ *brimman-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 75
- Cheung, Johnny (2007), “bram”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 24-25
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “fremō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 241
- Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*bramH ?”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 25
- Monier Williams (1899), “Proto-Indo-European/bʰrem-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 769/3.
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*brummōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 80