Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰleh₁-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology 1

From *bʰel- (“to make a loud sound”).

Root

*bʰleh₁-[1]

to bleat
to cry

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰleh₁- (bleat)

*bʰleh₁-ye-ti (ye-present)[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *blḗˀtei (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *blējaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *flēō[1]
  - Latin: fleō
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Germanic: *blētijaną (see there for further descendants)

Etymology 2

From *bʰel- (“to blow”) +‎ *-eh₁-.

This may be a specialization of the root for "to cry". LIV reconstructs a single root meaning "to howl".[3]

Root

*bʰleh₁-[4]

to blow

Reconstruction notes

The Latin stem flā- may be from the zero-grade *bʰl̥h₁-, resulting in a root *flā- from which the other Latin forms were derived analogically.

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰleh₁- (blow)

*bʰleh₁- (root present)
- Proto-Germanic: *blēaną[5] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *flāō[4]
  - Latin: flō (underlying /flā/-) (see there for further descendants)
*bʰléh₁-s- (sigmatic aorist[6] or desiderative[3])
- Proto-Germanic: *blēsaną (“to blow”) (see there for further descendants)
*bʰleh₁-dʰrom[7]
- Proto-Germanic: *blēdrǭ (“bladder; swelling”) (< *bʰleh₁-dʰreh₂-n?) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *flāðrom
  - Latin: flābrum (“wind”)[4] (see there for further descendants)
*bʰleh₁-men-
- Proto-Italic: *flāmən
  - Latin: flāmen (“gust, wind”)[4]

References

De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “fleō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 226
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*blējan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 68
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰleh₁- ‘heulen’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “flō, flāre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 226–227
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*blēan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 67–68
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*blēsan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 68
Olsen, Birgit Anette (1988) The Proto-Indo-European Instrument Noun Suffix *-tlom and its Variants (Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser; 55), Copenhagen: Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, →ISBN, page 11: “1.17. *bʰleh₁-dʰrom / *bʰl̥h₁-dʰrom”

[EDL1-1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “fleō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 226

[EDPG1-2] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*blējan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 68

[LIV-3] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰleh₁- ‘heulen’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

[EDL2-4] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “flō, flāre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 226–227

[EDPG2-5] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*blēan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 67–68

[EDPG3-6] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*blēsan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 68

[7] Olsen, Birgit Anette (1988) The Proto-Indo-European Instrument Noun Suffix *-tlom and its Variants (Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser; 55), Copenhagen: Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, →ISBN, page 11: “1.17. *bʰleh₁-dʰrom / *bʰl̥h₁-dʰrom”