< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeyh₂-
Proto-Indo-European
Alternative reconstructions
- *bʰey-[1]
Root
*bʰeyh₂-[2]
- to fear, be afraid
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyh₂- (fear)
- *bʰéyh₂-e-tor ~ *bʰéyh₂-o-ntor (mediopassive root present)[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáyHatay[3]
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰáyHatay
- Sanskrit: भयते (bháyate, 3sg.med.)
- Proto-Iranian: *báyHatay
- Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬧𐬙𐬉 (baiieṇtē, 3pl.pres.med.)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰáyHatay
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáyHatay[3]
- *bʰéy(h₂)-dʰh₁-e-ti (dʰh₁e-present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Latvian: baĩdît
- Lithuanian: baidýti
- Old Prussian: pobaiint
- Proto-Italic: *foiðō
- ⇒ Proto-Italic: *foiðos
- Latin: foedus (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Italic: *foiðos
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- *bʰéy(h₂)-t ~ *bʰih₂-ént (athematic root perfect)[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáyHt
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰáyHt
- Sanskrit: भेम (bhema, 1pl.inj.act.)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰáyHt
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáyHt
- *bʰí-bʰeyh₂-ti (reduplicated present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰíbʰayHti
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bíbʰayHti
- Sanskrit: बिभेति (bibheti)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bíbʰayHti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰíbʰayHti
- *bʰe-bʰóyh₂-e ~ *bʰe-bʰih₂-ḗr (reduplicated stative)[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Lithuanian: bijóti
- Latvian: bijât
- Old Prussian: biatwei
- Proto-Slavic: *bojati[4] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *bibāną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰibʰā́yHa
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bibʰā́yHa
- Sanskrit: बिभाय (bibhā́ya)
- Proto-Iranian: *bibā́yHa
- Avestan: 𐬠𐬌𐬡𐬌𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬵 (biβiuuāh)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bibʰā́yHa
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- *bʰoyh₂-dʰh₁-so-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baiˀsás (“demon, evil spirit”)
- *bʰih₂-tó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: भीत (bhīta, “afraid”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰayH- (see there for further descendants)
References
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “bhōi- : bhəi- : bhī- (bhii̯ə-)”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 161-162
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰei̯h₂-⁰”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 72
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “bhayⁱ”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “bijoti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 89
Alternative reconstructions
- *bʰeyH-[1][2]
Root
*bʰeyh₂-[3]
- to strike, hit
- to hew, cut
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyh₂- (strike)
- *bʰéyh₂-ti ~ *bʰih₂-énti (athematic root present)[4]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bī́ˀtei (“to beat”)[4] (see there for further descendants)
- *bʰih₂-éh₁ye-ti (eh₁-stative)[5]
- Proto-Germanic: *bijēną, *biēną (“to hit”)[5]
- Icelandic: bjá
- Proto-Germanic: *bijēną, *biēną (“to hit”)[5]
- *bʰi-né-h₂-ti (nasal-infix present)[1][5]
- Proto-Celtic: *binati (“to strike, hit”)[6] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *finō[7]
- Latin: *perfinō (“I break”), perfinēs (2p.sing.pres.act.subj.)
- *bʰih₂-tró-s[5][8]
- Proto-Hellenic: *pʰītrós
- Ancient Greek: φιτρός (phitrós, “trunk, log”)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pʰītrós
- *bʰih₂-tweh₂[4][5]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bī́ˀtwāˀ
- Proto-Slavic: *bìtva (“a battle, fight”)[4] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bī́ˀtwāˀ
- *bʰoyh₂-ó-s[4][5]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baiˀjas
- Proto-Slavic: *bojь (“a battle, fight”)[4] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baiˀjas
- *bʰoyh₂-nóm
- Proto-Germanic: *bainą (see there for further descendants)
References
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰei̯Η-⁰”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 72
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “bhei(ə)-, bhī-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 117-118
- Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006), “*bʰeihₐ- 'strike'”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 41: “*bʰiH-”
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*bi(j)ēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64: “*bheiH- 'to hit'”
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*bi-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 65: “*bʰeyH- 'strike'”
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “fīnis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222: “*bhiH- 'to hit, strike'”
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “φιτρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1574: “*bʰiH- 'to strike, hew, cut'”