< Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic
Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/grə́pʰō
 | This Proto-Hellenic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Hellenic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡrə́.pʰoː/
- Note: the exact phonetic value of /ə/ is unknown
Verb
*grə́pʰō
- to scratch, cut or carve into
- to draw (make pictures), especially by carving
- to write
Inflection
Present forms of *grə́pʰō
| Active | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | *grə́pʰehen | ||||||||||
| participle | *grə́pʰonts | ||||||||||
| singular | dual | plural | |||||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| indicative | *grə́pʰō | *grə́pʰes | *grə́pʰe | *grə́pʰeton | *grə́pʰeton | *grə́pʰomen | *grə́pʰete | *grə́pʰonti | *grə́pʰō | ||
| subjunctive | *grə́pʰēs | *grə́pʰē | *grə́pʰēton | *grə́pʰēton | *grə́pʰōmen | *grə́pʰēte | *grə́pʰōnti | *grə́pʰoimi | *grə́pʰois | ||
| optative | *grə́pʰoi | *grə́pʰoiton | *grəpʰóitān | *grə́pʰoimen | *grə́pʰoite | *grə́pʰoyent | *grə́pʰe | *grəpʰétō | *grə́pʰeton | ||
| imperative | - | *grəpʰétōn | *grə́pʰete | - | *grəpʰóntōn | *grə́pʰestʰai | - | *grəpʰómenos | *grə́pʰomai | ||
| Middle/Passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | *grə́pʰehai | ||||||||||
| participle | *grə́pʰetai | ||||||||||
| singular | dual | plural | |||||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| indicative | *grə́pʰestʰon | *grə́pʰestʰon | *grəpʰómetʰa | *grə́pʰestʰe | *grə́pʰontai | *grə́pʰōmai | *grə́pʰēhai | *grə́pʰētai | *grə́pʰēstʰon | ||
| subjunctive | *grə́pʰēstʰon | *grəpʰṓmetʰa | *grə́pʰēstʰe | *grə́pʰōntai | *grəpʰóimān | *grə́pʰoyo | *grə́pʰoito | *grə́pʰoistʰon | *grəpʰóistʰān | ||
| optative | *grəpʰóimetʰa | *grə́pʰoistʰe | *grə́pʰointo | *grə́pʰeho | *grəpʰéstʰō | *grə́pʰestʰon | *grəpʰéstʰōn | *grə́pʰestʰe | *grəpʰéstʰōn | ||
| imperative | - | *? | *? | - | *? | *? | - | *? | *? | ||
Imperfect forms of *grə́pʰō
| Active | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | ||||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| indicative | *égrəpʰon | *égrəpʰes | *égrəpʰe | *egrə́pʰeton | *egrəpʰétān | *egrə́pʰomen | *egrə́pʰete | *égrəpʰont | ||
| Middle/Passive | ||||||||||
| singular | dual | plural | ||||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| indicative | *egrəpʰómān | *egrə́pʰeho | *egrə́pʰeto | *egrə́pʰestʰon | *egrəpʰéstʰān | *egrəpʰómetʰa | *egrə́pʰestʰe | *egrə́pʰonto | ||
Descendants
- Ancient Greek: γράφω (gráphō)
- Greek: γράφω (gráfo)