< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/īdalaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
A denominative adjective, from pre-Germanic *ih₁-tlo- or *ih₁tolos, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁-. Related to Russian я́ловый (jálovyj, “barren”), Latvian jēls (“raw, uncooked”), Welsh iâl (“clearing, glade”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈiː.ðɑ.lɑz/
Adjective
*īdalaz
- (West Germanic) idle, void, unused
Inflection
Declension of *īdalaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *īdalaz | *īdalai | *īdalō | *īdalôz | *īdalą, -atō | *īdalō |
| Accusative | *īdalanǭ | *īdalanz | *īdalǭ | *īdalōz | *īdalą, -atō | *īdalō |
| Genitive | *īdalas, -is | *īdalaizǫ̂ | *īdalaizōz | *īdalaizǫ̂ | *īdalas, -is | *īdalaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *īdalammai | *īdalaimaz | *īdalaizōi | *īdalaimaz | *īdalammai | *īdalaimaz |
| Instrumental | *īdalanō | *īdalaimiz | *īdalaizō | *īdalaimiz | *īdalanō | *īdalaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *īdalô | *īdalaniz | *īdalǭ | *īdalōniz | *īdalô | *īdalōnō |
| Accusative | *īdalanų | *īdalanunz | *īdalōnų | *īdalōnunz | *īdalô | *īdalōnō |
| Genitive | *īdaliniz | *īdalanǫ̂ | *īdalōniz | *īdalōnǫ̂ | *īdaliniz | *īdalanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *īdalini | *īdalammaz | *īdalōni | *īdalōmaz | *īdalini | *īdalammaz |
| Instrumental | *īdalinē | *īdalammiz | *īdalōnē | *īdalōmiz | *īdalinē | *īdalammiz |
Descendants
- Old English: īdel
- Middle English: ydel, idel, idil, idill, idul, idyl, idyll, ydell, ydil, ydill, ydul, ydull
- English: idle
- Scots: idle
- Middle English: ydel, idel, idil, idill, idul, idyl, idyll, ydell, ydil, ydill, ydul, ydull
- Old Frisian: īdel
- Old Saxon: īdal
- Middle Low German: îdel
- German Low German: iedel
- Middle Low German: îdel
- Old Dutch: īdil
- Middle Dutch: idel
- Dutch: ijdel, ijl, iel
- Middle Dutch: idel
- Old High German: ītal
- Middle High German: ītel
- German: eitel
- Middle High German: ītel
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 268