Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ēnu

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*ēnō, *ēnau, *inō

Preposition

*ēnu

(with instrumental) without

Descendants

Old Frisian: ōne, ōni
- West Frisian: on
Old Saxon: āno
- Middle Low German: āne
  - Low German: ahn
Old Dutch: *āna
- Middle Dutch: ane, an, on
  - ⇒ Middle Dutch: ane dancs, ondancs
    - Dutch: ondanks
    - Limburgish: óndanks, óndanx
Old High German: āno, ānu, āna, āne
- Middle High German: āne, ān
  - Alemannic German: ooni, ohni
  - Cimbrian: ane
  - German: ohne
  - Vilamovian: ona
  - Yiddish: אָן‎ (on)
Old Norse: án, ón
- Icelandic: án
- Faroese: ón
- → Middle English: *on, on-
  - English: on, ohn
  - Scots: on-, ohn-
Gothic: 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu), 𐌹𐌽𐌿𐌷 (inuh)