Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ēbanþs

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *h₁ēpónts ~ *h₁pn̥tés, innovative nt-stem derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Where does *aftanaz and *aftunaz fit in?”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɛː.βɑnθs/

Noun

*ēbanþs m

evening
Synonym: *kwildiz

Inflection

The oblique cases have zero-grade *-un- and the voiced Verner alternant.

consonant stemDeclension of *ēbanþs (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*ēbanþs	*ēbanþiz
vocative	*ēbanþ	*ēbanþiz
accusative	*ēbanþų	*ēbanþunz
genitive	*ēbundiz	*ēbundǫ̂
dative	*ēbundi	*ēbundumaz
instrumental	*ēbundē	*ēbundumiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *ābanþ
- Old English: ǣfen, ēfen, ēfern
  - Middle English: even, evene, even, efen
    - English: even
    - Yola: e'en
- Old Frisian: ēvend, āvend, āiond, iound, iond
  - North Frisian: In
  - Saterland Frisian: Äivend, Eeuwend
  - West Frisian: jûn
- Old Saxon: āvand
  - Middle Low German: âvent
    - German Low German: Avend
      Paderbornisch: Owend
- Old Dutch: avont
  - Middle Dutch: avont, avent
    - Dutch: avond
      - Afrikaans: aand
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: tafn
      - Jersey Dutch: âvond
      - Negerhollands: avond, navont
    - Limburgish: aovendj
- Old High German: āband
  - Middle High German: ābent
    - Alemannic German: Obad, Obid
      Swabian: Obad
    - Bavarian:
      Cimbrian: aabend
    - Central Franconian: Oovend
      Hunsrik: Ovend
      Kölsch: Ovend
      Luxembourgish: Owend
    - East Central German: Ohmd, Oomd
    - German: Abend
    - Rhine Franconian: Owed, Owend
      Pennsylvania German: Owed
    - Vilamovian: ȫwyt
    - Yiddish: אָוונט‎ (ovnt)
    - → North Frisian: Oabend
Old Norse: aptann
- Icelandic: aftann m
- Faroese: aftan m
- Norwegian Nynorsk: aftan m, eftan m; (dialectal) apta f, afta m, efta m
- Swedish: afton c (Old Swedish aftan, afton, aptan)
- Danish: aften c
  - Norwegian Bokmål: aften m