< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þū
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /θuː/
Pronoun
*þū
- you (singular), thou
Inflection
Proto-Germanic personal pronouns
| singular | first person | second person | reflexive |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *ek (unstr. *ik) | *þū | (*se-) |
| accusative | *mek (unstr. *mik) | *þek (unstr. *þik) | *sek (unstr. *sik) |
| dative/instr | *miz | *þiz | *siz |
| possessive | *mīnaz | *þīnaz | *sīnaz |
| dual | first person | second person | reflexive |
| nominative | *wet (unstr. *wit) | *jut, *jit | (*se-) |
| accusative | *unk | *inkw | *sek (unstr. *sik) |
| dative/instr | *unkiz | *inkwiz | *siz |
| possessive | *unkeraz | *inkweraz | *sīnaz |
| plural | first person | second person | reflexive |
| nominative | *wīz (unstr. *wiz) | *jūz, *jīz | (*se-) |
| accusative | *uns | *izwiz | *sek (unstr. *sik) |
| dative/instr | *unsiz | *izwiz | *siz |
| possessive | *unseraz | *izweraz | *sīnaz |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *þū
- Old English: þū, ðū
- Middle English: þou, thou, þu, thu, þoue, thoue, þowe, thowe, þouȝ, thouȝ, þue, ðhu, þeu, þeou, thugh, thogh, þo, tu, tou, towe, you
- English: thou, tha; thow, thu, du
- Scots: thou, du, thoo
- Yola: thou, th'
- Middle English: þou, thou, þu, thu, þoue, thoue, þowe, thowe, þouȝ, thouȝ, þue, ðhu, þeu, þeou, thugh, thogh, þo, tu, tou, towe, you
- Old Frisian: thū
- North Frisian:
- Most dialects: dü
- Halligen: du
- Heligoland: di
- Saterland Frisian: du
- West Frisian: do, dû
- North Frisian:
- Old Saxon: thū
- Middle Low German: thu (earlier), du (later)
- Low German: du, diu (Westphalian)
- Middle Low German: thu (earlier), du (later)
- Old Dutch: thū, tu
- Middle Dutch: du
- Dutch: (obsolete) du, dou, douw
- Limburgish: doe
- Middle Dutch: du
- Old High German: dū, thū, ᛞᚢ
- Middle High German: du
- Alemannic German: du
- Swabian: dau, d
- Bavarian:
- Cimbrian: du
- Mòcheno: du
- Central Franconian: du, dou
- Hunsrik: du
- Kölsch: do
- German: du
- Luxembourgish: du
- Rhine Franconian:
- Palatine German: du
- Pennsylvania German: du
- Yiddish: דו (du)
- Alemannic German: du
- Middle High German: du
- Old English: þū, ðū
- Old Norse: þú, -du, -ðu, -tu
- Icelandic: þú, -du, -ðu, -tu
- Faroese: tú
- Norwegian Nynorsk: du
- Norwegian Bokmål: du
- Jamtish: dú
- Elfdalian: du
- Westrobothnian: du, duw, döuw, deo, do
- Old Swedish: þū
- Swedish: du, tu, thu, dhu (last three obsolete)
- Old Danish: thu
- Danish: du
- Gothic: 𐌸𐌿 (þu)
- Crimean Gothic: tzo