< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þurstijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *þurstuz (“thirst”) + *-janą.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈθurs.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*þurstijaną[1][2]
- to thirst, to be thirsty
Inflection
Conjugation of *þurstijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *þurstijō | *þurstijaų | — | *þurstijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *þurstīsi | *þurstijais | *þurstī | *þurstijasai | *þurstijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *þurstīþi | *þurstijai | *þurstijaþau | *þurstijaþai | *þurstijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *þurstijōs | *þurstijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *þurstijaþiz | *þurstijaiþiz | *þurstijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *þurstijamaz | *þurstijaim | — | *þurstijanþai | *þurstijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *þurstīþ | *þurstijaiþ | *þurstīþ | *þurstijanþai | *þurstijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *þurstijanþi | *þurstijain | *þurstijanþau | *þurstijanþai | *þurstijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *þurstidǭ | *þurstidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *þurstidēz | *þurstidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *þurstidē | *þurstidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *þurstidēdū | *þurstidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *þurstidēdudiz | *þurstidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *þurstidēdum | *þurstidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *þurstidēdud | *þurstidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *þurstidēdun | *þurstidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *þurstijandz | *þurstidaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *þurstijan
- Old English: þyrstan
- Middle English: thirsten
- English: thirst
- Middle English: thirsten
- Old Frisian:
- >? West Frisian: toarstje, toarstgje (a class 2 verb, possibly a new formation)
- Old Saxon: thurstian
- Middle Low German: dörsten
- Old Dutch: thursten
- Middle Dutch: dorsten
- Dutch: dorsten
- Middle Dutch: dorsten
- Old High German: dursten
- Middle High German: dürsten
- German: dürsten
- Middle High German: dürsten
- Old English: þyrstan
- Old Norse: þyrsta
- Icelandic: þyrsta
- Faroese: tysta
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Nynorsk: tyrsta, tyrste, tørsta, tørste
- Norwegian Bokmål: tørste
- Swedish: törsta
- Danish: tørste
- Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þaurstjan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*þurstu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 553: “*þurstjan”
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*þurstjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 430