< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þulāną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“to bear, to undergo, to endure”).
Verb
*þulāną[1]
- to bear, to endure
Inflection
Conjugation of *þulāną (weak class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *þulō | ? | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd singular | *þulaisi | ? | *þulai | *þulāsai | ? |
| 3rd singular | *þulaiþi | ? | *þulāþau | *þulāþai | ? |
| 1st dual | *þulōs | ? | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *þulāþiz | ? | *þulāþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *þulāmaz | ? | — | *þulānþai | ? |
| 2nd plural | *þulaiþ | ? | *þulaiþ | *þulānþai | ? |
| 3rd plural | *þulānþi | ? | *þulānþau | *þulānþai | ? |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *þuladǭ | *þuladēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *þuladēz | *þuladēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *þuladē | *þuladēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *þuladēdū | *þuladēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *þuladēdudiz | *þuladēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *þuladēdum | *þuladēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *þuladēdud | *þuladēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *þuladēdun | *þuladēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *þulāndz | *þuladaz | |||
Related terms
- *þuldiz
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *þolēn, *þolōn
- Old English: þolian
- Middle English: þolien
- Scots: thole
- English: thole
- Middle English: þolien
- Old Frisian: tholia
- Old Saxon: tholōn, tholoian, tholian
- Middle Low German: dōlen
- ⇒ Middle Low German: dulden, dülden
- German Low German: dülden
- Old Dutch: tholon
- Middle Dutch: dōlen
- Old High German: dolēn, dolōn
- Middle High German: doln
- Alemannic German: tole
- German: dolen
- Luxembourgish: dëllen
- ⇒ Old High German: dulten
- Middle High German: dulden
- German: dulden
- Middle High German: dulden
- Middle High German: doln
- Old English: þolian
- Old Norse: þola
- Icelandic: þola
- Faroese: tola
- Norwegian Nynorsk: tola, tole
- Norwegian: (dialectal) tøla, tålå, tølja
- Elfdalian: tuolå
- Westrobothnian: tuła
- Old Swedish: þola, þula
- Swedish: tåla
- Scanian: tula
- Old Danish: tholæ
- Danish: tåle
- Norwegian Bokmål: tåle
- Danish: tåle
- Gutnish: tule
- Gothic: 𐌸𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 (þulan)
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*þulēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 428