< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þiudiskaz
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *þeudō + *-iskaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈθiu̯.ðis.kɑz/
Adjective
*þiudiskaz
- of the people, popular
- of the tribe
Inflection
Declension of *þiudiskaz (a-stem)
Strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | *þiudiskaz | *þiudiskai | *þiudiskō | *þiudiskôz | *þiudiską, -atō | *þiudiskō |
Accusative | *þiudiskanǭ | *þiudiskanz | *þiudiskǭ | *þiudiskōz | *þiudiską, -atō | *þiudiskō |
Genitive | *þiudiskas, -is | *þiudiskaizǫ̂ | *þiudiskaizōz | *þiudiskaizǫ̂ | *þiudiskas, -is | *þiudiskaizǫ̂ |
Dative | *þiudiskammai | *þiudiskaimaz | *þiudiskaizōi | *þiudiskaimaz | *þiudiskammai | *þiudiskaimaz |
Instrumental | *þiudiskanō | *þiudiskaimiz | *þiudiskaizō | *þiudiskaimiz | *þiudiskanō | *þiudiskaimiz |
Weak declension | ||||||
Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | *þiudiskô | *þiudiskaniz | *þiudiskǭ | *þiudiskōniz | *þiudiskô | *þiudiskōnō |
Accusative | *þiudiskanų | *þiudiskanunz | *þiudiskōnų | *þiudiskōnunz | *þiudiskô | *þiudiskōnō |
Genitive | *þiudiskiniz | *þiudiskanǫ̂ | *þiudiskōniz | *þiudiskōnǫ̂ | *þiudiskiniz | *þiudiskanǫ̂ |
Dative | *þiudiskini | *þiudiskammaz | *þiudiskōni | *þiudiskōmaz | *þiudiskini | *þiudiskammaz |
Instrumental | *þiudiskinē | *þiudiskammiz | *þiudiskōnē | *þiudiskōmiz | *þiudiskinē | *þiudiskammiz |
Descendants
In the late Middle Ages, the word acquired a specialized sense referring to vernacular Germanic languages on the continent, specifically, Dutch, German, and Low German, which were not strongly distinguished from each other at the time, as opposed to the Latin of the scholarly elite and the Church. Because of the Holy Roman Empire's preeminence, the word narrowed in meaning to refer solely to German in most languages, with English Dutch and archaic Dutch Diets (“Middle Dutch”) being notable exceptions.
- Proto-West Germanic: *þiudisk
- Old English: þēodisc
- Middle English: thedisch, þedisch, þeodisc
- Old Frisian: thiōsk
- West Frisian: Tsjutsk (“German”) (obsolete)
- Old Saxon: thiudisk
- Middle Low German: düdesch
- Low German:
- German Low German:
- Altmärkisch: dütsch
- Bremisch: dütsch
- Dithmarsisch: dütsch
- Hamburgisch: dütsch, düütsch
- Eastphalian: duitsch
- Westphalian:
- Münsterländisch: dütsk; Dütsk
- Osnabrückisch: düütsk
- Lippisch: duitsk
- Paderbornisch: duitsk
- Ravensbergisch: duütsk
- Sauerländer-Märkisch: duͤdsk
- Sauerländisch: duitsk
- Westmünsterländisch: düüts, düütsk
- German Low German:
- Plautdietsch: dietsch
- → Saterland Frisian: düütsk
- Low German:
- Middle Low German: düdesch
- Old Dutch: *thiudisc
- Middle Dutch: dietsch, duutsch
- Dutch: Diets (“Middle Dutch”)
- Dutch: Duits (“German”), Duitsch
- Afrikaans: Duits
- Negerhollands: dutsch
- Japanese: ドイツ
- Limburgish: Dutsj
- → Middle English: Duch, Duche, Deuche, Dusche, Dewche, Dowche, duch, duche, deuche, dusche
- English: Dutch
- Scots: Dutch
- → West Frisian: Dútsk
- Middle Dutch: dietsch, duutsch
- Old High German: diutisk, diutisc
- Middle High German: diutsc
- Alemannic German: tüütsch, dütsch, düütsch, Dütsch, Ditsch, Dytsch
- Swabian: deitsch, daitsch
- Walser: töitsch, titsch, tittschu, titzsch
- Bavarian: daitsch, deitsch, taitsch
- Cimbrian: tòiz, tauč, taütsch, taütsch
- Gottscheerish: taitš
- Mòcheno: taitsch
- Central Franconian: dütsch, döksch, deitsch
- Hunsrik: Deitsch, taytx
- Kölsch: duetsch
- East Central German: deitsch
- Silesian German: deitsch, doitsch (Glätzisch)
- Upper Saxon: Deitsch, deidsch
- German: deutsch; Deutsch
- → English: Deutsch
- → Mandarin: 德意志 (Déyìzhì)
- → Cantonese: 德意志 (dak1 ji3 zi3)
- Luxembourgish: däitsch; Däitsch
- Rhine Franconian: daitsch, deitsch
- Pennsylvania German: deitsch; Deitsch
- Vilamovian: daojć
- Yiddish: דײַטש (daytsh), טײַטש (taytsh)
- Alemannic German: tüütsch, dütsch, düütsch, Dütsch, Ditsch, Dytsch
- Middle High German: diutsc
- Old English: þēodisc
- Old Norse: þýzkr, þýskr, þýðskr, þýðiskr
- Icelandic: þýskur
- Faroese: týskur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: tysk, tydsk
- Westrobothnian: tisk, týzk
- Old Swedish: þȳþisker, þȳzker
- Swedish: tysk
- → Elfdalian: tysk
- Swedish: tysk
- Old Danish: thȳthæsk, thȳzk
- Danish: tysk
- Norwegian Bokmål: tysk
- Scanian: týzker
- Danish: tysk
- Gutnish: töiskar
- → Northern Sami: Duiska (from a Germanic, probably North Germanic, language)
- ⇒ Old Norse: þýðverskr, þýðerskr, þýðeskr
- Icelandic: þýðverskur
- Gothic: *𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (*þiudisks) (in 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉 (þiudiskō, adverb))
- → Medieval Latin: theodiscus, theotiscus, thiotiscus (see there for further descendants)