< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þiudijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Origin obscure. Possibly a conflated word, partly from *þeudō (“people”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂ (“people”); and partly from *þeudjaz, *þiudiz (“good, friendly”), from Proto-Indo-European *tew- (“to hearken, take notice, regard in a friendly manner”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈθiu̯.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*þiudijaną
- (transitive, +instrumental) to associate (with); engage with; attach to; join (with); connect
- to interpret; point out; explain
Inflection
Conjugation of *þiudijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *þiudijō | *þiudijaų | — | *þiudijai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *þiudīsi | *þiudijais | *þiudī | *þiudijasai | *þiudijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *þiudīþi | *þiudijai | *þiudijaþau | *þiudijaþai | *þiudijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *þiudijōs | *þiudijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *þiudijaþiz | *þiudijaiþiz | *þiudijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *þiudijamaz | *þiudijaim | — | *þiudijanþai | *þiudijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *þiudīþ | *þiudijaiþ | *þiudīþ | *þiudijanþai | *þiudijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *þiudijanþi | *þiudijain | *þiudijanþau | *þiudijanþai | *þiudijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *þiudidǭ | *þiudidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *þiudidēz | *þiudidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *þiudidē | *þiudidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *þiudidēdū | *þiudidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *þiudidēdudiz | *þiudidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *þiudidēdum | *þiudidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *þiudidēdud | *þiudidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *þiudidēdun | *þiudidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *þiudijandz | *þiudidaz | |||
Descendants
- Old English: þīedan, þēodan; ġeþēodan
- Middle English: theden
- Old Frisian: *thiōda, thiūda
- Saterland Frisian: tjuude
- West Frisian: tsjutte
- Old Saxon: *thiudian
- Middle Low German: dûden, düden
- Low German: düden
- Middle Low German: dûden, düden
- Old Dutch: *thiuden
- Middle Dutch: dieden, duden
- Dutch: duiden
- Middle Dutch: dieden, duden
- Old High German: diuten, *tiuten
- Middle High German: diuten, tiuten
- German: deuten
- Luxembourgish: deiten
- Yiddish: טײַטשן (taytshn)
- Middle High German: diuten, tiuten
- Old Norse: þýða
- Icelandic: þýða
- Faroese: týða
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: tyde
- Nynorsk: tyde, tyda
- Old Swedish: þȳþa
- Swedish: tyda
- Old Danish: thȳthæ
- Danish: tyde
- Westrobothnian: tyd
- Elfdalian: tyða
- Gutnish: tyde
- Scanian: týða