< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þinhaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *tenk- (“to be suitable”). Possibly related to Lithuanian tikti, Lithuanian patikti, Latvian tikt.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈθĩː.xɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*þinhaną[1][2]
- to thrive
Inflection
Conjugation of *þinhaną (strong class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *þinhō | *þinhaų | — | *þinhai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *þinhizi | *þinhaiz | *þinh | *þinhazai | *þinhaizau |
| 3rd singular | *þinhidi | *þinhai | *þinhadau | *þinhadai | *þinhaidau |
| 1st dual | *þinhōz | *þinhaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *þinhadiz | *þinhaidiz | *þinhadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *þinhamaz | *þinhaim | — | *þinhandai | *þinhaindau |
| 2nd plural | *þinhid | *þinhaid | *þinhid | *þinhandai | *þinhaindau |
| 3rd plural | *þinhandi | *þinhain | *þinhandau | *þinhandai | *þinhaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *þanh | *þungį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *þanht | *þungīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *þanh | *þungī | |||
| 1st dual | *þungū | *þungīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *þungudiz | *þungīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *þungum | *þungīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *þungud | *þungīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *þungun | *þungīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *þinhandz | *þunganaz | |||
Derived terms
- *gaþinhaną
Descendants
After -inh- had become -į̄h-, this verb was shifted to the first strong class by analogy in most daughter languages, but not in Old English. Old English also shows a secondary formation with leveling of Verner's alternation, probably back-formed to the lexicalized original past participle ġeþungen (“grown, thriven”).
- Proto-West Germanic: *þį̄han
- Old English: þīon, þēon, ġeþingan
- Middle English: theen
- Scots: thee, the
- English: thee
- Middle English: theen
- Old Frisian: thīgia
- Saterland Frisian: tiegje
- West Frisian: dije
- Old Saxon: thīhan
- Middle Low German: dîen, dîgen
- Low German: deen
- German Low German: dejen
- → Saterland Frisian: däie
- Middle Low German: dîen, dîgen
- Old Dutch: thīan
- Middle Dutch: diën
- Dutch: dijen
- Middle Dutch: diën
- Old High German: thīhan, dīhan
- Middle High German: dīhen
- German: gedeihen, gediegen
- Luxembourgish: gedeien
- Yiddish: געדײַען (gedayen)
- Middle High German: dīhen
- Old English: þīon, þēon, ġeþingan
- Gothic: 𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (þeihan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*þinhan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 542
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*þenxanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 421