< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þingijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ti-n-k-yé, cognate with Lithuanian tikėti.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈθiŋ.ɡi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*þingijaną[1]
- to believe, to trust
- to hope
Inflection
Conjugation of *þingijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *þingijō | *þingijaų | — | *þingijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *þingīsi | *þingijais | *þingī | *þingijasai | *þingijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *þingīþi | *þingijai | *þingijaþau | *þingijaþai | *þingijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *þingijōs | *þingijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *þingijaþiz | *þingijaiþiz | *þingijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *þingijamaz | *þingijaim | — | *þingijanþai | *þingijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *þingīþ | *þingijaiþ | *þingīþ | *þingijanþai | *þingijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *þingijanþi | *þingijain | *þingijanþau | *þingijanþai | *þingijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *þingidǭ | *þingidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *þingidēz | *þingidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *þingidē | *þingidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *þingidēdū | *þingidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *þingidēdudiz | *þingidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *þingidēdum | *þingidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *þingidēdud | *þingidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *þingidēdun | *þingidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *þingijandz | *þingidaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *þingijan
- ⇒ Old Saxon: giþingian
- ⇒ Old Dutch: giþingen
- Old High German: dingen
- Middle High German: dingen
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*þingjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 542