< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þigjaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *tek-yé-ti, from the root Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to take by the hand, receive, obtain”). Cognate with Old Irish techtaim (“I possess”), Lithuanian tèkti (“to be granted”), Ancient Greek κτάομαι (ktáomai, “to acquire”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈθiɣ.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*þigjaną
- to accept, receive
- to implore, beg
Inflection
Conjugation of *þigjaną (strong class 5 j-present)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *þigjō | *þigjaų | — | *þigjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *þigisi | *þigjais | *þigi | *þigjasai | *þigjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *þigiþi | *þigjai | *þigjaþau | *þigjaþai | *þigjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *þigjōs | *þigjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *þigjaþiz | *þigjaiþiz | *þigjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *þigjamaz | *þigjaim | — | *þigjanþai | *þigjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *þigiþ | *þigjaiþ | *þigiþ | *þigjanþai | *þigjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *þigjanþi | *þigjain | *þigjanþau | *þigjanþai | *þigjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *þag | *þēgį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *þaht | *þēgīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *þag | *þēgī | |||
| 1st dual | *þēgū | *þēgīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *þēgudiz | *þēgīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *þēgum | *þēgīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *þēgud | *þēgīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *þēgun | *þēgīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *þigjandz | *þeganaz | |||
Derived terms
- *þagjaną
- *þegō
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *þiggjan
- Old English: þiċġan
- Middle English: thiggen
- Scots: thig
- English: thig (obsolete)
- Middle English: thiggen
- Old Saxon: thiggian
- Old Dutch: thiggen
- Old High German: *thicken, *thiggen, diggen
- Middle High German: digen, diegen
- German: digen (obsolete)
- Middle High German: digen, diegen
- Old English: þiċġan
- Old Norse: þiggja
- Icelandic: þiggja
- Faroese: tiggja
- Norwegian Nynorsk: tigga; (dialectal) tiggja, teggja, tige
- Norwegian Bokmål: tigge
- Westrobothnian: teiddj, tegu-, tigu-
- Old Swedish: þiggia
- Swedish: tigga
- Danish: tigge
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 536
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 618-19