Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þat

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /θɑt/

Determiner

*þat

nominative/accusative singular neuter of *sa

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *þat
- Old English: þæt
  - Middle English: that
    - English: that
    - Scots: that
    - Yola: at, et, th', thet, that, y'at
- Old Frisian: thet
  - Saterland Frisian: dät
- Old Saxon: that
  - Middle Low German: dat
    - Low German: dat; datt
- Old Dutch: that
  - Middle Dutch: dat
    - Dutch: dat, het
      - Afrikaans: dat
    - Limburgish: det
- Old High German: daz, thaz; that, dat
  - Middle High German: daz
    - Alemannic German: ds, s
      Swabian: des
    - Bavarian:
      Cimbrian: des, 's, z
      Mòcheno: s
    - German: das, dass
    - Hessian: dès
    - Luxembourgish: dass
    - Silesian German: doas
    - Yiddish: דאָס‎ (dos)
- Northern Old High German: dat, that; daz, thaz
  - Middle High German: dat
    - Central Franconian: dat, datt
    - Luxembourgish: dat, datt
Proto-Norse: ᚦᚨᛏ (þat), ᚦᛡᛏ (þᴀt)
- Old Norse: þat
  - Icelandic: það
  - Faroese: tað, hað
  - Norn: da
  - Norwegian:
    - Norwegian Bokmål: det
    - Norwegian Nynorsk: det, dat
  - Jamtish: deð, heð
  - Westrobothnian: he, hä, ä
  - Old Swedish: þæt, þet, thæt, thet, thz
    - Swedish: det, (obsolete) thet, dhet
  - Old Danish: thet
    - Danish: det
Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 (þata)
⇒ *þes-
- Proto-West Germanic:
  - Old English: þes
    - Middle English: þes
      - English: these
      - Middle Scots: thais, thois, theis
  - Old Frisian:
    - Saterland Frisian: disse
    - West Frisian: dizze
  - Old Saxon: these
    - Low German: düsse, disse
  - Old Dutch: these
    - Middle Dutch: dēse
      - Dutch: deze, dit
      - Limburgish: deze
  - Old High German: dese, these
    - Cimbrian: diiza
    - German: diese
- Old Norse: sjá, þessi
  - Icelandic: þessi m or f, þetta n
  - Faroese: hesin m, henda f, hetta n
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: denne m or f (-nn- from the accusative), dette n, desse pl
  - Old Swedish: þænni
    - Swedish: denna c, detta n, dessa pl