< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wītaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see; look; look for; find”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwiː.tɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*wītaną[1][2]
- to see; know
- to go; go forth; part
- to punish; torment
Inflection
Conjugation of *wītaną (strong class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *wītō | *wītaų | — | *wītai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *wītizi | *wītaiz | *wīt | *wītazai | *wītaizau |
| 3rd singular | *wītidi | *wītai | *wītadau | *wītadai | *wītaidau |
| 1st dual | *wītōz | *wītaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *wītadiz | *wītaidiz | *wītadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *wītamaz | *wītaim | — | *wītandai | *wītaindau |
| 2nd plural | *wītid | *wītaid | *wītid | *wītandai | *wītaindau |
| 3rd plural | *wītandi | *wītain | *wītandau | *wītandai | *wītaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *wait | *witį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *waist | *witīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *wait | *witī | |||
| 1st dual | *witū | *witīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *witudiz | *witīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *witum | *witīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *witud | *witīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *witun | *witīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *wītandz | *witanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *frawītaną
- *waitijaną
- *witaną
- *wītiją
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *wītan
- Old English: wītan
- Middle English: wīten, wyten
- Scots: wyte
- English: wite
- Middle English: wīten, wyten
- Old Frisian: wīta
- Saterland Frisian: wiete
- Old Saxon: wītan
- Middle Low German: wīten
- Old Dutch: wītan
- Middle Dutch: witen
- Dutch: wijten
- Limburgish: wiete
- Middle Dutch: witen
- Old High German: wīzan, wīzzan
- Middle High German: wīzen
- German: weisen
- → German Low German: wiesen
- Middle High German: wīzen
- → Old French: *guider, guier (also possibly from Gothic)
- Middle French: guider
- French: guider
- → Middle English: guiden, giden, gyden; guien, gien, gyen
- English: guide; guy
- → Occitan: guidar, guizar
- → Italian: guidare
- → Spanish: guiar
- → Portuguese: guiar
- Middle French: guider
- Old English: wītan
- Old Norse: víta
- Old Swedish: vīta
- Gothic: *𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (*weitan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌹𐌽𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (inweitan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*wītan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 589
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*wītanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 468