Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrōgijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wrōk- (“speech, complaint”), from Proto-Indo-European *were-, *wrē- (“to speak, say, tell”). Cognate with Russian врать (vratʹ, “to lie, fib”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwrɔː.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wrōgijaną

to tell, speak, proclaim, shout
to accuse

Inflection

Conjugation of *wrōgijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*wrōgijō	*wrōgijaų	—	*wrōgijai	*?
2nd singular	*wrōgīsi	*wrōgijais	*wrōgī	*wrōgijasai	*wrōgijaisau
3rd singular	*wrōgīþi	*wrōgijai	*wrōgijaþau	*wrōgijaþai	*wrōgijaiþau
1st dual	*wrōgijōs	*wrōgijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wrōgijaþiz	*wrōgijaiþiz	*wrōgijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*wrōgijamaz	*wrōgijaim	—	*wrōgijanþai	*wrōgijainþau
2nd plural	*wrōgīþ	*wrōgijaiþ	*wrōgīþ	*wrōgijanþai	*wrōgijainþau
3rd plural	*wrōgijanþi	*wrōgijain	*wrōgijanþau	*wrōgijanþai	*wrōgijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wrōgidǭ	*wrōgidēdį̄
2nd singular	*wrōgidēz	*wrōgidēdīz
3rd singular	*wrōgidē	*wrōgidēdī
1st dual	*wrōgidēdū	*wrōgidēdīw
2nd dual	*wrōgidēdudiz	*wrōgidēdīdiz
1st plural	*wrōgidēdum	*wrōgidēdīm
2nd plural	*wrōgidēdud	*wrōgidēdīd
3rd plural	*wrōgidēdun	*wrōgidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*wrōgijandz	*wrōgidaz

Derived terms

*wrōgislą

Descendants

Old English: wrēġan
- Middle English: wreyen, wrayen
  - Scots: wre, wry, wray
  - English: wray
Old Frisian: wrēia
Old Saxon: wrōgian
- Middle Low German: wrȫgen, wrugen, rȫgen
  - German Low German: wrögen
Old Dutch: *wruogen
- Middle Dutch: wroeghen
  - Dutch: wroegen
Old High German: ruogen
- Middle High German: ruogen
  - German: rügen
Old Norse: rœgja
- Icelandic: rægja
- Old Swedish: rø̄ghia
  - Swedish: röja
Gothic: 𐍅𐍂𐍉𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrōhjan)