< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wringaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *wrengʰ-. If related to Ancient Greek ῥίμφα (rhímpha, “quickly, fast”), from Proto-Indo-European *wrengʰ-.[1] Probably related to Lithuanian rangýti (“to writhe”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwriŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*wringaną[2][3]
- to squeeze, twist, wring
Inflection
Conjugation of *wringaną (strong class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *wringō | *wringaų | — | *wringai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *wringizi | *wringaiz | *wring | *wringazai | *wringaizau |
| 3rd singular | *wringidi | *wringai | *wringadau | *wringadai | *wringaidau |
| 1st dual | *wringōz | *wringaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *wringadiz | *wringaidiz | *wringadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *wringamaz | *wringaim | — | *wringandai | *wringaindau |
| 2nd plural | *wringid | *wringaid | *wringid | *wringandai | *wringaindau |
| 3rd plural | *wringandi | *wringain | *wringandau | *wringandai | *wringaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *wrang | *wrungį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *wranht | *wrungīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *wrang | *wrungī | |||
| 1st dual | *wrungū | *wrungīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *wrungudiz | *wrungīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *wrungum | *wrungīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *wrungud | *wrungīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *wrungun | *wrungīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *wringandz | *wrunganaz | |||
Derived terms
- *wrangaz
- *wrankijaną
- *wrungǭ
- *wrunkōną
Descendants
- Old English: wringan
- Middle English: wryngen, wringen
- Scots: wryng, wring
- English: wring
- Middle English: wryngen, wringen
- Old Frisian: *wringa
- Saterland Frisian: wringe
- West Frisian: wringe
- Old Saxon: wringan
- Middle Low German: wringen
- Low German: wringen
- → German: wringen
- Middle Low German: wringen
- Old Dutch: *wringan
- Middle Dutch: wringen
- Dutch: wringen
- Limburgish: wringe
- Middle Dutch: wringen
- Old High German: ringan
- Middle High German: ringen
- German: ringen
- Luxembourgish: réngen
- Middle High German: ringen
References
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ῥίμφα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1286
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*wringan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 596
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*wrenʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 472