< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrimpaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *wer- (“to turn, twist”). Compare Ancient Greek ῥέμβω (rhémbō, “I turn in circles”). Possibly a Blend of *wringaną (“to squeeze, to twist”) + *hrimpaną (“to wrinkle, to shrink”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwrim.pɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*wrimpaną[1]
- to grimace, to wince
Inflection
Conjugation of *wrimpaną (strong class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *wrimpō | *wrimpaų | — | *wrimpai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *wrimpizi | *wrimpaiz | *wrimp | *wrimpazai | *wrimpaizau |
| 3rd singular | *wrimpidi | *wrimpai | *wrimpadau | *wrimpadai | *wrimpaidau |
| 1st dual | *wrimpōz | *wrimpaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *wrimpadiz | *wrimpaidiz | *wrimpadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *wrimpamaz | *wrimpaim | — | *wrimpandai | *wrimpaindau |
| 2nd plural | *wrimpid | *wrimpaid | *wrimpid | *wrimpandai | *wrimpaindau |
| 3rd plural | *wrimpandi | *wrimpain | *wrimpandau | *wrimpandai | *wrimpaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *wramp | *wrumpį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *wramft | *wrumpīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *wramp | *wrumpī | |||
| 1st dual | *wrumpū | *wrumpīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *wrumpudiz | *wrumpīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *wrumpum | *wrumpīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *wrumpud | *wrumpīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *wrumpun | *wrumpīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *wrimpandz | *wrumpanaz | |||
Descendants
- West Germanic: *wrimpan
- Old Saxon: *wrimpan
- Middle Low German: wrimpen
- Old Dutch: *wrimpan
- Middle Dutch: wrimpen, wrempen
- Dutch: wrimpen (dated)
- Middle Dutch: wrimpen, wrempen
- Old High German: *rimpfan
- Middle High German: rimpfen
- Old Saxon: *wrimpan
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) , “*wrempanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 472