< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wirþijaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *werþaz (“worth, value”) + *-janą.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈwir.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*wirþijaną[1][2]
- to value, to esteem
Inflection
Conjugation of *wirþijaną (weak class 1)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *wirþijō | *wirþijaų | — | *wirþijai | ? |
2nd singular | *wirþīsi | *wirþijais | *wirþī | *wirþijasai | *wirþijaisau |
3rd singular | *wirþīþi | *wirþijai | *wirþijaþau | *wirþijaþai | *wirþijaiþau |
1st dual | *wirþijōs | *wirþijaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *wirþijaþiz | *wirþijaiþiz | *wirþijaþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *wirþijamaz | *wirþijaim | — | *wirþijanþai | *wirþijainþau |
2nd plural | *wirþīþ | *wirþijaiþ | *wirþīþ | *wirþijanþai | *wirþijainþau |
3rd plural | *wirþijanþi | *wirþijain | *wirþijanþau | *wirþijanþai | *wirþijainþau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *wirþidǭ | *wirþidēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *wirþidēz | *wirþidēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *wirþidē | *wirþidēdī | |||
1st dual | *wirþidēdū | *wirþidēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *wirþidēdudiz | *wirþidēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *wirþidēdum | *wirþidēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *wirþidēdud | *wirþidēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *wirþidēdun | *wirþidēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *wirþijandz | *wirþidaz |
Related terms
- *werþōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *wirþijan
- Old English: *wirþan, *wierþan, *wyrþan
- ⇒ Old English: ġewirþan, ġewierþan, ġewyrþan
- Old Frisian: wirtha, wertha, wirda
- Old Dutch: wertha
- Middle Dutch: werden, waerden
- Old High German: wirden
- Middle High German: wirden
- Old English: *wirþan, *wierþan, *wyrþan
- Old Norse: virða
- Icelandic: virða
- Norwegian Nynorsk: vyrda, vyrde, vørda, vørde
- Westrobothnian: wȯhl, vål, vöyl
- Old Swedish: virþa
- Swedish: vörda
- → Westrobothnian: vörrd
- Swedish: vörda
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*werþa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 581: “*werþjan-”
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*werþjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 458