< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wiljaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *wélyoyt, optative of *wélyeti, from *welh₁-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwil.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*wiljaną
- to want
Inflection
Only subjunctive forms exist in the present tense. The past tense is declined as a suffixless weak verb.
Conjugation of *wiljaną (irregular, defective)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | — | *wiljų | — | — | — |
| 2nd singular | — | *wilīz | — | — | — |
| 3rd singular | — | *wilī | — | — | — |
| 1st dual | — | *wilīw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | — | *wilīdiz | — | — | — |
| 1st plural | — | *wilīm | — | — | — |
| 2nd plural | — | *wilīd | — | — | — |
| 3rd plural | — | *wilīn | — | — | — |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *weldǭ | *weldēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *weldēz | *weldēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *weldē | *weldēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *weldēdū | *weldēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *weldēdudiz | *weldēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *weldēdum | *weldēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *weldēdud | *weldēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *weldēdun | *weldēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *wiljandz | — | |||
Derived terms
- *waljaną
- *wiljô
Descendants
- Old English: willan, wyllan
- Middle English: willen, wullen, wollen
- Scots: will, wil, vill
- English: will
- Middle English: willen, wullen, wollen
- Old Frisian: willa, wella
- North Frisian:
- Föhr-Amrum, Sylt: wel
- Mooring: wale
- Saterland Frisian: wolle
- West Frisian: wolle
- North Frisian:
- Old Saxon: willian
- Middle Low German: willen, wellen
- Low German: wüllen
- Middle Low German: willen, wellen
- Old Dutch: willen
- Middle Dutch: willen
- Dutch: willen
- Afrikaans: wil
- Limburgish: wille
- Dutch: willen
- Middle Dutch: willen
- Old High German: wellen, wollen (conflated with *waljaną)
- Middle High German: wellen, wollen
- Alemannic German: welle, wella, wölla
- Swabian: wella
- Bavarian: woian
- Apetlonerisch: walln
- Cimbrian: bölln, béllan
- Central Franconian: welle
- German: wollen
- Luxembourgish: wëllen
- Rhine Franconian:
- Pennsylvania German: wolle
- Yiddish: וועלן (veln)
- Alemannic German: welle, wella, wölla
- Middle High German: wellen, wollen
- Old Norse: vilja
- Icelandic: vilja
- Faroese: vilja
- Norwegian: ville, vilje
- Old Swedish: vilia
- Swedish: vilja
- Old Danish: willæ
- Danish: ville
- Westrobothnian: vili
- Elfdalian: wila
- Jamtish: vili
- Gutnish: ville, vila
- Scanian: villa
- Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wiljan)