< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/werpaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to turn, bend”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwer.pɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*werpaną
- (transitive) to throw
- (transitive) to cast
Inflection
Conjugation of *werpaną (strong class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *werpō | *werpaų | — | *werpai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *wirpizi | *werpaiz | *werp | *werpazai | *werpaizau |
| 3rd singular | *wirpidi | *werpai | *werpadau | *werpadai | *werpaidau |
| 1st dual | *werpōz | *werpaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *werpadiz | *werpaidiz | *werpadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *werpamaz | *werpaim | — | *werpandai | *werpaindau |
| 2nd plural | *wirpid | *werpaid | *wirpid | *werpandai | *werpaindau |
| 3rd plural | *werpandi | *werpain | *werpandau | *werpandai | *werpaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *warp | *wurpį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *warft | *wurpīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *warp | *wurpī | |||
| 1st dual | *wurpū | *wurpīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *wurpudiz | *wurpīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *wurpum | *wurpīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *wurpud | *wurpīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *wurpun | *wurpīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *werpandz | *wurpanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *frawerpaną
- *gawerpaną
- *uzwerpaną
Related terms
- *warpą
- *wurpōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *werpan
- Old English: weorpan, wurpan
- Middle English: werpen
- English: warp
- Scots: warp
- Middle English: werpen
- Old Frisian: werpa
- North Frisian: werpe
- West Frisian: werpe
- Old Saxon: werpan
- Middle Low German: werpen
- Low German: warpen
- Middle Low German: werpen
- Old Dutch: werpan
- Middle Dutch: werpen
- Dutch: werpen
- Limburgish: wèrpe
- Middle Dutch: werpen
- Old High German: werfan, ƿerpan
- Middle High German: wërfen
- Old English: weorpan, wurpan
- Old Norse: verpa
- Icelandic: verpa
- Faroese: verpa
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål: verpe
- Norwegian Nynorsk: verpe, verpa
- Old Swedish: værpa
- Swedish: värpa
- Old Danish: wærpæ
- Danish: værpe
- Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍀𐌰𐌽 (wairpan)