< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waskaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From earlier *watskaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (“wet, water”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwɑs.kɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*waskaną
- to wash
Inflection
Conjugation of *waskaną (strong class 7c)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *waskō | *waskaų | — | *waskai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *waskizi | *waskaiz | *wask | *waskazai | *waskaizau |
| 3rd singular | *waskidi | *waskai | *waskadau | *waskadai | *waskaidau |
| 1st dual | *waskōz | *waskaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *waskadiz | *waskaidiz | *waskadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *waskamaz | *waskaim | — | *waskandai | *waskaindau |
| 2nd plural | *waskid | *waskaid | *waskid | *waskandai | *waskaindau |
| 3rd plural | *waskandi | *waskain | *waskandau | *waskandai | *waskaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *wewask | *wewaskį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *wewast | *wewaskīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *wewask | *wewaskī | |||
| 1st dual | *wewaskū | *wewaskīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *wewaskudiz | *wewaskīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *wewaskum | *wewaskīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *wewaskud | *wewaskīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *wewaskun | *wewaskīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *waskandz | *waskanaz | |||
The second-person singular past indicative form derives from the pre-Grimm form *wewaskt, which should have either been retained (since *sk was not shifted elsewhere) or become *wewasht after Grimm's law (through the Germanic spirant law). However, this cluster was likely simplified at some stage as neither the clusters -sh- nor -kt- occurred anywhere else in Germanic.
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *waskan
- Old English: wascan, wæscan, wacsan, waxan
- Middle English: wasshen, wasch, wasche, waschen, waschsche, washe, washen, wasse, wasschen, wasshe, weschen; waischen, waissche, waisshen, wayschen; whasche, whaschen
- English: wash
- → Swazi: washa
- Scots: wash, wesh
- English: wash
- Middle English: wasshen, wasch, wasche, waschen, waschsche, washe, washen, wasse, wasschen, wasshe, weschen; waischen, waissche, waisshen, wayschen; whasche, whaschen
- Old Frisian: waska
- Saterland Frisian: waaske
- West Frisian: waskje
- Old Saxon: waskan
- Middle Low German: waschen
- Low German: waschen, wasken
- Middle Low German: waschen
- Old Dutch: wascan
- Middle Dutch: wasschen
- Dutch: wassen
- Limburgish: wasje, wesje
- Middle Dutch: wasschen
- Old High German: wascan, waskan
- Middle High German: waschen
- Alemannic German: wäsche
- Cimbrian: bèssan
- German: waschen
- Luxembourgish: wäschen
- Middle High German: waschen
- → Old French: waschier, guaschier, gascher
- Middle French: gascher
- French: gâcher
- → Italian: guazzare
- Middle French: gascher
- Old English: wascan, wæscan, wacsan, waxan
- Old Norse: vaska
- Danish: vaske
- Faroese: vaska
- Icelandic: vaska
- Norwegian Bokmål: vaske
- Norwegian Nynorsk: vaska, vaske
- Swedish: vaska