Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/warjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to hide, conceal”). Cognate with Sanskrit वृणोति (vṛṇóti).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwɑr.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*warjaną

to ward off, to defend against
to thwart, to stop

Inflection

Conjugation of *warjaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*warjō	*warjaų	—	*warjai	*?
2nd singular	*warisi	*warjais	*wari	*warjasai	*warjaisau
3rd singular	*wariþi	*warjai	*warjaþau	*warjaþai	*warjaiþau
1st dual	*warjōs	*warjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*warjaþiz	*warjaiþiz	*warjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*warjamaz	*warjaim	—	*warjanþai	*warjainþau
2nd plural	*wariþ	*warjaiþ	*wariþ	*warjanþai	*warjainþau
3rd plural	*warjanþi	*warjain	*warjanþau	*warjanþai	*warjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*waridǭ	*waridēdį̄
2nd singular	*waridēz	*waridēdīz
3rd singular	*waridē	*waridēdī
1st dual	*waridēdū	*waridēdīw
2nd dual	*waridēdudiz	*waridēdīdiz
1st plural	*waridēdum	*waridēdīm
2nd plural	*waridēdud	*waridēdīd
3rd plural	*waridēdun	*waridēdīn

	present	past
participles	*warjandz	*waridaz

Derived terms

*warīniz
*warniþō

Related terms

*wurþiz

Descendants

Old English: werian
- Middle English: werien
  - Scots: were, wer, weir
  - English: weir, wear (“to guard, watch, defend”)
Old Saxon: werian
- Middle Low German: weren
Frankish: *warjan
- Old Dutch: *werien
  - Middle Dutch: weren
    - Dutch: weren
      - Afrikaans: weer
- Vulgar Latin: *warīre
  - Old French: garir, guarir, warir
    - Middle French: garir, guarir, guérir
      - French: garir, guérir
    - → Spanish: guarir
    - Old French: garison, garaisun, garisoun, garisun, gareisun, warison
      - Middle French: warison, vuarison
      - → Middle English: garison, garisoun, garysoun, garyson, garson
        English: garrison
      - → Middle English: warisoun, waryson, warison, warysoun
        English: warison, waryson, warrison (obsolete)
  - Old Occitan: guarir, garir
    - Old Catalan: guarir, garir, guayrir, gorir
      - Catalan: guarir
    - Occitan: guarir
  - Piedmontese: varì
  - Vulgar Latin: *warantus
    - Old French: garant, garraunt, garaunt, guarant, warant, warrant, warand
      - Middle French: garant
        French: garant
      - Middle English: → garrant, garraunt
      - Middle English: → warant, waraunt, warand, warrant
        English: warrant
      - → Catalan: garant
      - → Spanish: garante
        → English: guarantee
    - Vulgar Latin: *warantīre
      - Old French: garantir, garrantir, guarantir, warantir
        Middle French: garantir
        French: garantir
        → Spanish: garantir
    - Vulgar Latin: *warantia
      - Old French: garrauntie, garantie, garauntie, garrantie, guarantie, warantie, warrauntie
        Middle French: guarantie
        → Middle English: garrantye
        English: guaranty
        → Middle English: warantie, warantye
        English: warranty
        → Spanish: garantía
- Old High German (West Central): werien
  - Luxembourgish: wieren
Old High German (West Central): werien
- Luxembourgish: wieren
Old High German: werien
- Middle High German: weren, wern
  - Cimbrian: bèaran
  - German: wehren
Old Norse: verja
- Icelandic: verja
- Norwegian Nynorsk: verje, verja
- Faroese: verja
- Danish: værge
  - Norwegian Bokmål: verge
- Old Swedish: væria
  - Swedish: värja
- Westrobothnian: veri
Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (warjan)
→ Finnish: varjella