< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wallijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn; wind; roll”). A causative or intensive formation from either *wellaną + *-janą or *wallaną + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwɑl.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*wallijaną[1]
- to (cause to) well up, well over, boil
Inflection
Conjugation of *wallijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *wallijō | *wallijaų | — | *wallijai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *wallīsi | *wallijais | *wallī | *wallijasai | *wallijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *wallīþi | *wallijai | *wallijaþau | *wallijaþai | *wallijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *wallijōs | *wallijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *wallijaþiz | *wallijaiþiz | *wallijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *wallijamaz | *wallijaim | — | *wallijanþai | *wallijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *wallīþ | *wallijaiþ | *wallīþ | *wallijanþai | *wallijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *wallijanþi | *wallijain | *wallijanþau | *wallijanþai | *wallijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *wallidǭ | *wallidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *wallidēz | *wallidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *wallidē | *wallidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *wallidēdū | *wallidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *wallidēdudiz | *wallidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *wallidēdum | *wallidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *wallidēdud | *wallidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *wallidēdun | *wallidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *wallijandz | *wallidaz | |||
Descendants
- West Germanic: *wallijan
- Old English: wiellan, willan
- Middle English: wellen
- English: well
- Middle English: wellen
- Old Saxon: wellen
- Middle Low German: wellen
- Old Dutch: *wellen
- Middle Dutch: wellen
- Dutch: wellen
- Middle Dutch: wellen
- Old High German: wellen
- Middle High German: wellen
- German: wellen
- Middle High German: wellen
- Old English: wiellan, willan
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*walljanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 444