Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wakaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be strong, be awake, be fresh, be cheerful”). Cognate with Latin vegeō (“be quick, be aroused, be alert”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwɑ.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wakaną

to wake, be awake, arise

Inflection

Conjugation of *wakaną (strong class 6)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*wakō	*wakaų	—	*wakai	?
2nd singular	*wakizi	*wakaiz	*wak	*wakazai	*wakaizau
3rd singular	*wakidi	*wakai	*wakadau	*wakadai	*wakaidau
1st dual	*wakōz	*wakaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wakadiz	*wakaidiz	*wakadiz	—	—
1st plural	*wakamaz	*wakaim	—	*wakandai	*wakaindau
2nd plural	*wakid	*wakaid	*wakid	*wakandai	*wakaindau
3rd plural	*wakandi	*wakain	*wakandau	*wakandai	*wakaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wōk	*wōkį̄
2nd singular	*wōht	*wōkīz
3rd singular	*wōk	*wōkī
1st dual	*wōkū	*wōkīw
2nd dual	*wōkudiz	*wōkīdiz
1st plural	*wōkum	*wōkīm
2nd plural	*wōkud	*wōkīd
3rd plural	*wōkun	*wōkīn

	present	past
participles	*wakandz	*wakanaz

Related terms

*wakraz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wakan
- Old English: wacan
  - Middle English: waken
    - English: wake
    - Scots: wake
Proto-Norse:
- ⇒ Old Norse: vakinn (past participle only)
  - Icelandic: vakinn
  - Faroese: vakin
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: vaken
    - → Norwegian Bokmål: vaken
  - Elfdalian: watşin
  - Westrobothnian: väittjin, vökän, våkjin
  - Old Swedish: vakin, vaken
    - Swedish: vaken
  - Danish: vågen
    - Norwegian Bokmål: våken
Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wakan)