Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/uzdaz

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Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/uzdaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ud-s (“out”) (> *uz (“out”)) + *dʰeh₁- (“to set, put, place”).[1]Alternatively connected to the root *wes- (“to prick”) (connected to Albanian usht (“thistle”)).[2]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈuz.dɑz/

Noun

*uzdaz m

1. sharp point
2. place

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *uzdaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*uzdaz	*uzdōz, *uzdōs
vocative	*uzd	*uzdōz, *uzdōs
accusative	*uzdą	*uzdanz
genitive	*uzdas, *uzdis	*uzdǫ̂
dative	*uzdai	*uzdamaz
instrumental	*uzdō	*uzdamiz

Derived terms

• *uzdijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *oʀd
  • Old English: ord
    • Middle English: ord
      • English: ord, orde
      • Scots: ord
  • Old Frisian: ord
    • North Frisian: od
    • Saterland Frisian: Oud
    • West Frisian: oerd, oarde
  • Old Saxon: ord
    • Middle Low German: ort
      • German Low German: Oort
      • → Swedish: ort
  • Old Dutch: ort
    • Middle Dutch: ort, oort
      • Dutch: oord
  • →⇒ Old French: ordé, urdee
    • → Middle English: urde, urdy
      • English: urdé, urdy
  • Old High German: ort
    • Middle High German: ort
      • German: Ort
      • Luxembourgish: Uert
• Old Norse: oddr
  • Icelandic: oddur
  • Faroese: oddur
  • Norwegian Bokmål: odd, odde
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: odd, odde
  • Old Swedish: udder, odder
    • Swedish: udd, udde
  • Danish: od, odde
  • → Middle English: od, odde
    • Scots: odd, od, ode
    • English: odd

References

1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*uzda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
2. Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “Ort”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN