< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/unnaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₃n̥-né-h₂-ti, from the root *h₃neh₂- (“to enjoy”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀνίνημι (onínēmi, “to be of use, help”), ἀπόνητο (apónēto, “to have joy of something”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈun.nɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*unnaną
- to grant, bestow
Inflection
Conjugation of *unnaną (preterite-present)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *ann | *unnį̄ | — | — | — |
| 2nd singular | *annt | *unnīz | — | — | — |
| 3rd singular | *ann | *unnī | — | — | — |
| 1st dual | *unnū | *unnīw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *unnudiz | *unnīdiz | — | — | — |
| 1st plural | *unnum | *unnīm | — | — | — |
| 2nd plural | *unnud | *unnīd | — | — | — |
| 3rd plural | *unnun | *unnīn | — | — | — |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *unþǭ | *unþēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *unþēz | *unþēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *unþē | *unþēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *unþēdū | *unþēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *unþēdudiz | *unþēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *unþēdum | *unþēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *unþēdud | *unþēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *unþēdun | *unþēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *unnandz | *unþaz | |||
Related terms
- *unþō (“bestowal, grant, concession”)
- *idiunþō (“renewal, reyielding; Iðunn goddess of youth”)
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *unnan
- Old English: unnan
- Middle English: unnen, one, unne, unnon
- Old Frisian: unna
- Old Saxon: unnan
- Old Dutch: ᚨᚾᚾ (ann, 1st/3rd person singular)
- Middle Dutch: onnen, unnen
- Old High German: unnan
- Old English: unnan
- Old Norse: unna
- Icelandic: unna
- Faroese: unna
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: unne
- Nynorsk: unna, unne
- Old Swedish: unna
- Swedish: unna
- → Elfdalian: unna
- Swedish: unna
- Old Danish: unnæ
- Danish: unde
- Scanian: onða
- Westrobothnian: åånn, oonn, öönn; ännäs
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “unnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 560