Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/umbi

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“by, around”), from earlier *h₂ntbʰi, instrumental case form to *h₂énts (“face”).[1] Cognate with Old Latin am (“around”), Latin amb- (“around, about”), ambi- (“both”), Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “around, about”), Sanskrit अभि (abhí, “against, about”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈum.bi/

Preposition

*umbi

around, about [+accusative]

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *umbi
- Old English: ymbe, ymb, embe, ymbi
  - Middle English: umbe, embe
    - English: umbe, umb, um, umben (obsolete)
    - Scots: umbe-
- Old Frisian: umbe, ombe
  - Saterland Frisian: uum, ume
  - West Frisian: om
- Old Saxon: umbi
  - Middle Low German: umme
    - Low German: üm, um
    - Plautdietsch: om
- Old Dutch: umbe, umbi
  - Middle Dutch: omme, ombe, om
    - Dutch: om
      - Afrikaans: om
    - Limburgish: ómb, óm
- Old High German: umbi
  - Middle High German: umbe, ump, ümbe, üm
    - Alemannic German: ume, umme
    - Bavarian:
      - Cimbrian: umme
      - Mòcheno: um
    - Central Franconian: öm, em
      - Luxembourgish: ëm
    - German: um, (umb, üm, ümb)
    - Yiddish: אום‎ (um)
Old Norse: umb, um
- Icelandic: um
- Faroese: um
- Norwegian Nynorsk: um; (dialectal) om, øm
- Old Swedish: um
  - Swedish: om
- Danish: om
  - Norwegian Bokmål: om
    - → Norwegian Nynorsk: om
→? Proto-Finnic: *umpi
- ⇒ Estonian: umbes
- Finnish: umpi
→⇒ Proto-Finnic: *ümbär
- Finnish: ympäri

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN