< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tūmōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *tumōną, *tumbōną
Etymology
Unknown. Possibly related to Sanskrit धावति (dhāvati, “to flee, run”), Ancient Greek θύω (thúō, “I rage, storm, rush in”), Latin furō (“I rage”), suggesting a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *dʰewH- (“shake, roar”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtuː.mɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*tūmōną
- to rotate; spin; revolve
Inflection
Conjugation of *tūmōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *tūmō | *tūmǭ | — | *tūmōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *tūmōsi | *tūmōs | *tūmō | *tūmōsai | *tūmōsau |
| 3rd singular | *tūmōþi | *tūmō | *tūmōþau | *tūmōþai | *tūmōþau |
| 1st dual | *tūmōs | *tūmōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *tūmōþiz | *tūmōþiz | *tūmōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *tūmōmaz | *tūmōm | — | *tūmōnþai | *tūmōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *tūmōþ | *tūmōþ | *tūmōþ | *tūmōnþai | *tūmōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *tūmōnþi | *tūmōn | *tūmōnþau | *tūmōnþai | *tūmōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *tūmōdǭ | *tūmōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *tūmōdēz | *tūmōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *tūmōdē | *tūmōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *tūmōdēdū | *tūmōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *tūmōdēdudiz | *tūmōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *tūmōdēdum | *tūmōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *tūmōdēdud | *tūmōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *tūmōdēdun | *tūmōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *tūmōndz | *tūmōdaz | |||
Derived terms
- *tūmlōną
Descendants
- Old English: tumbian
- Middle English: tumben, tomben, toumbe (conflated with Old French tumber)
- English: tumb
- ⇒ Middle English: tumblen
- English: tumble
- Scots: tummyll, tumbill, tummle
- Middle English: tumben, tomben, toumbe (conflated with Old French tumber)
- Old Frisian: *tumbia
- ⇒ Old Frisian: *tūmlia
- Saterland Frisian: tuumelje
- ⇒ Old Frisian: *tūmlia
- Old Saxon: *tūmōn
- ⇒ Old Saxon: *tūmilōn
- Middle Low German: tumelen, tummelen
- German Low German: dummeln
- Middle Low German: tumelen, tummelen
- ⇒ Old Saxon: *tūmilōn
- Old Dutch: *tūmon
- Middle Dutch: tumen
- ⇒ Middle Dutch: tumelen
- Dutch: tuimelen
- ⇒ Middle Dutch: tumelen
- Middle Dutch: tumen
- →? Vulgar Latin: *tumbāre (possibly also from Old Norse, or a native onomatopoeia)
- Eastern Romance:
- Aromanian: tumbã
- Romanian: tumbă
- Italian: tomare, *tombare
- Old French: tumber, tumer, tomber
- Middle French: tomber, tumber
- French: tomber, tumer (dialectal)
- Middle French: tomber, tumber
- Old Occitan:
- Catalan: tombar
- Occitan: tumber, tomber
- West Iberian:
- Portuguese: tombar
- Spanish: tumbar
- Eastern Romance:
- >? Old High German: tūmōn
- Middle High German: tumen
- ⇒ Old High German: tūmalōn, tūmilōn, tumelen
- Middle High German: tūmeln, tumeln
- German: taumeln, tummeln
- Luxembourgish: tommelen
- Middle High German: tūmeln, tumeln
- Old Norse: tumba
- Icelandic: tumba
References
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 149