Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *doh₁ (“to”), instrumental singular of *de. Cognate with Russian до (do, “to”), Latvian da (“until, to”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tɔː/

Preposition

*tō

(with accusative) to

Related terms

*ta

Descendants

Old English: tō
- Middle English: to
  - English: to, too
  - Scots: tae
Old Frisian: to
- North Frisian: to, tö, tu
- Saterland Frisian: tou
- West Frisian: ta
Old Saxon: tō
- Middle Low German: to
  - Low German: to
Old Dutch: tuo
- Middle Dutch: toe
  - Dutch: toe
    - Afrikaans: toe
    - Jersey Dutch: tû
    - Negerhollands: tu, toe, due
- ⇒ Old Dutch: tuote (< *tō + *ta)
  - Middle Dutch: tote, tot, toete, toet
    - Dutch: tot
      - Afrikaans: tot
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: tutu
      - Jersey Dutch: tut, tût
      - Negerhollands: tot, tee
    - Limburgish: tót
Old High German: zuo
- Middle High German: zuo
  - Cimbrian: zo
  - East Central German: zu
  - German: zu
  - Luxembourgish: zou, zu
  - Vilamovian: cy
  - Yiddish: צו‎ (tsu)