Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/twalif

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Compound of *twai (“two”) and *-lif (“left over”), from *lībaną (“to remain, be left”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtwɑ.liɸ/

Numeral

**Proto-Germanic cardinal numbers**
< 11	12	13 >
Cardinal : twalif Ordinal* : twaliftô Multiplier* : *twaliffalþaz

*twalif

twelve

Derived terms

*twaliftô
*twalifwintruz

Descendants

Old English: twelf, tuelf
- Middle English: twelve, twelfe, twelf, twælf, tuelf
  - English: twelve
  - Scots: twal, twol (obsolete twelf, twalf, tuelf)
Old Frisian: twelif, twelef
- North Frisian: tweelwen
- Saterland Frisian: tweelif, tweelf, tweelich
- West Frisian: tolve, tolf
Old Saxon: twelif, twilif, twulif
- Middle Low German: twelef, tweleve, twelve, twelf, twalf
  - German Low German: twölf, twalf, twalv
  - Plautdietsch: twelf
Old Dutch: *twelif, *twalif
- Middle Dutch: twelef, tweelf, twalef, twaelf
  - Dutch: twaalf
    - Afrikaans: twaalf
  - Limburgish: twelf
Old High German: zwelif
- Middle High German: zwelef, zwelf
  - Central Franconian: zwällef, zwellef; zwöllef
  - Cimbrian: sbölbe
  - German: zwölf
  - Luxembourgish: zwielef
  - Vilamovian: cwełf
  - Yiddish: צוועלף‎ (tsvelf)
Old Norse: tolf, tólf, tvalf
- Icelandic: tólf
- Faroese: tólv
- Norwegian Nynorsk: tolv; (dialectal) tølv, tøl, tóv, tælv
- Norwegian Bokmål: tolv
- Elfdalian: tolv
- Westrobothnian: tölv
- Old Swedish: tolf
  - Swedish: tolv, (pre-1906 spelling) tolf
- Old Danish: tolf
  - Danish: tolv
  - Scanian: tølw
- Gutnish: tåll, tålv
Gothic: 𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍆 (twalif)