< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tussōną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
An iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *tus-néh₂-ti.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtus.sɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*tussōną[1]
- to fray
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *tuss- against non-singular *tus-.
Conjugation of *tussōną (weak class 2)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *tussō | *tussǭ | — | *tussōi | ? |
2nd singular | *tussōsi | *tussōs | *tussō | *tussōsai | *tussōsau |
3rd singular | *tussōþi | *tussō | *tussōþau | *tussōþai | *tussōþau |
1st dual | *tussōs | *tussōw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *tussōþiz | *tussōþiz | *tussōþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *tussōmaz | *tussōm | — | *tussōnþai | *tussōnþau |
2nd plural | *tussōþ | *tussōþ | *tussōþ | *tussōnþai | *tussōnþau |
3rd plural | *tussōnþi | *tussōn | *tussōnþau | *tussōnþai | *tussōnþau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *tussōdǭ | *tussōdēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *tussōdēz | *tussōdēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *tussōdē | *tussōdēdī | |||
1st dual | *tussōdēdū | *tussōdēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *tussōdēdudiz | *tussōdēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *tussōdēdum | *tussōdēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *tussōdēdud | *tussōdēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *tussōdēdun | *tussōdēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *tussōndz | *tussōdaz |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *tosōn (generalized the non-singular stem)
- Old English: *tosian
- Middle English: tosen
- English: toze
- Middle English: tosen
- Old English: *tosōn
- Middle Low German: tȫsen
- Old English: *tosōn
- Middle Dutch: tōsen
- Old English: *tosian
- Old Norse: *tossa, *tosa
- Icelandic: tossa, tosa
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Nynorsk: tossa, tosa
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*tus(s)ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 528