< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/turnaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From the zero-grade of *teraną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtur.nɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*turnaną[1][2]
- to tear off
- to depart
Inflection
Conjugation of *turnaną (weak class 4)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *turnō | *turnaų | — | — | — |
| 2nd singular | *turnōsi | *turnais | *turnō | — | — |
| 3rd singular | *turnōþi | *turnai | *turnōþau | — | — |
| 1st dual | *turnōs | *turnaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *turnaþiz | *turnaiþiz | *turnaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *turnamaz | *turnaim | — | — | — |
| 2nd plural | *turnaþ | *turnaiþ | *turnaþ | — | — |
| 3rd plural | *turnanþi | *turnain | *turnanþau | — | — |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *turnōdǭ | *turnōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *turnōdēz | *turnōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *turnōdē | *turnōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *turnōdēdū | *turnōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *turnōdēdudiz | *turnōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *turnōdēdum | *turnōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *turnōdēdud | *turnōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *turnōdēdun | *turnōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *turnandz | — | |||
Kroonen reconstructs a zero-grade strong verb similar to *spurnaną.[2]
Conjugation of *turnaną (strong class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *turnō | *turnaų | — | *turnai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *turnizi | *turnaiz | *turn | *turnazai | *turnaizau |
| 3rd singular | *turnidi | *turnai | *turnadau | *turnadai | *turnaidau |
| 1st dual | *turnōz | *turnaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *turnadiz | *turnaidiz | *turnadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *turnamaz | *turnaim | — | *turnandai | *turnaindau |
| 2nd plural | *turnid | *turnaid | *turnid | *turnandai | *turnaindau |
| 3rd plural | *turnandi | *turnain | *turnandau | *turnandai | *turnaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *tarn | *turnį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *tarnt | *turnīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *tarn | *turnī | |||
| 1st dual | *turnū | *turnīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *turnudiz | *turnīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *turnum | *turnīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *turnud | *turnīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *turnun | *turnīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *turnandz | *turnanaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *tornōn
- Old Dutch: *tornon
- Middle Dutch: tornen (conflated with the descendant of *trannijaną)
- Dutch: tornen
- Middle Dutch: tornen (conflated with the descendant of *trannijaną)
- Old Dutch: *tornon
- Gothic: *𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*taurnan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (aftaurnan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (distaurnan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gataurnan)
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*turnōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 413
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*turnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 527