Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tuppaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Secondary formation from *tebō, *tappaz (“tuft, knot, peg”), whence Old High German zepfo, zapfo (“plug, peg, broom”), Old English tæpan (“strip of cloth”), Norwegian tave (“piece of cloth”), of unknown origin.[1][2]

Sometimes reconstructed from earlier *tumpaz[3] with irregular development *mp > *pp, from Proto-Indo-European *dewmb- (“penis, tail, rod”), whence Old High German zumpfo (“penis”), Dutch tamp (“rope end, penis”), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬨𐬀‎ (duma, “penis”), Persian ‎ (dum, “tail”).[4]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtup.pɑz/

Noun

*tuppaz m[5][2]

tuft, plait (of hair)
top, summit

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *tuppaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*tuppaz	tuppōz, tuppōs
vocative	*tupp	tuppōz, tuppōs
accusative	*tuppą	*tuppanz
genitive	tuppas, tuppis	*tuppǫ̂
dative	*tuppai	*tuppamaz
instrumental	*tuppō	*tuppamiz

Derived terms

*tuppijaną
*tuppijô
*tuppilaz

Related terms

*tabbą, *tabą
*tappą, *tapą
*teppą

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *topp
- Old English: top, topp; toppa
  - Middle English: top, toppe, topp, tope, toop
    - English: top
      - → French: top
      - → German: Top
      - → Vietnamese: tốp
    - Scots: tap
- Old Frisian: topp, top
  - North Frisian: top, tap, tup
  - Saterland Frisian: Top
  - West Frisian: top; toppe
- Old Saxon: *top
  - Middle Low German: top
    - Low German: Topp
      - → German: Topp
- Old Dutch: *topp, *top
  - Middle Dutch: top, topp
    - Dutch: top
- Old High German: zoph
  - Middle Low German: zopf
    - Cimbrian: sòpf
    - German: Zopf
    - Hunsrik: Zopp
    - Luxembourgish: Zapp
    - Vilamovian: cöp
    - Yiddish: צאָפּ‎ (tsop)
  - → Italian: zuffa
- → Vulgar Latin: *toppus (see there for further descendants)
Old Norse: toppr
- Icelandic: toppur
- Faroese: toppur
- Norwegian: topp
- Old Swedish: topper, tupper
  - Swedish: topp
- Old Danish:
  - Danish: top

References

Kroonen, Guus (2011) The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 215-217
Boutkan, Dirk; Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005), “top”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 412
Bloomfield ((Can we date this quote?)) Germanica, page 95
Pokorny, Julius (1959), “dumb-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 227
Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*tuppaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 412

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2011) The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 215-217

[OFED-2] Boutkan, Dirk; Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005), “top”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 412

[3] Bloomfield ((Can we date this quote?)) Germanica, page 95

[4] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “dumb-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 227

[5] Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*tuppaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 412