< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/truttōną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *dr̥tnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *trudaną (“to tread”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtrut.tɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*truttōną
- to tread, trample, trot
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *trutt- against non-singular *trud-.
Conjugation of *truttōną (weak class 2)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *truttō | *truttǭ | — | *truttōi | ? |
2nd singular | *truttōsi | *truttōs | *truttō | *truttōsai | *truttōsau |
3rd singular | *truttōþi | *truttō | *truttōþau | *truttōþai | *truttōþau |
1st dual | *truttōs | *truttōw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *truttōþiz | *truttōþiz | *truttōþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *truttōmaz | *truttōm | — | *truttōnþai | *truttōnþau |
2nd plural | *truttōþ | *truttōþ | *truttōþ | *truttōnþai | *truttōnþau |
3rd plural | *truttōnþi | *truttōn | *truttōnþau | *truttōnþai | *truttōnþau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *truttōdǭ | *truttōdēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *truttōdēz | *truttōdēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *truttōdē | *truttōdēdī | |||
1st dual | *truttōdēdū | *truttōdēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *truttōdēdudiz | *truttōdēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *truttōdēdum | *truttōdēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *truttōdēdud | *truttōdēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *truttōdēdun | *truttōdēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *truttōndz | *truttōdaz |
Descendants
- Middle Dutch: tredden, tretten (continuing the singular vowel from *tredaną, *trudaną)
- Elfdalian: troðå
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN