< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/trumaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtru.mɑz/
Etymology 1
Continues Proto-Indo-European *drumos, from *deru-, *drew- (“tree”). Compare Sanskrit द्रुम (druma, “tree”), Ancient Greek δρυμός (drumós, “copse, thicket”), Old Armenian տրամ (tram, “solid, firm”).
Noun
*trumaz m
- root (of a plant)
Inflection
| masculine a-stemDeclension of *trumaz (masculine a-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *trumaz | *trumōz, *trumōs | |
| vocative | *trum | *trumōz, *trumōs | |
| accusative | *trumą | *trumanz | |
| genitive | *trumas, *trumis | *trumǫ̂ | |
| dative | *trumai | *trumamaz | |
| instrumental | *trumō | *trumamiz | |
Descendants
- Old English: *trum, wyrttrum, wyrttruma (< *trumô)
Etymology 2
Related to or derived from the above. For the semantic development, compare Proto-Germanic *trewą and *triwwiz.
Adjective
*trumaz
- firm, strong
Inflection
Declension of *trumaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *trumaz | *trumai | *trumō | *trumôz | *trumą, -atō | *trumō |
| Accusative | *trumanǭ | *trumanz | *trumǭ | *trumōz | *trumą, -atō | *trumō |
| Genitive | *trumas, -is | *trumaizǫ̂ | *trumaizōz | *trumaizǫ̂ | *trumas, -is | *trumaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *trumammai | *trumaimaz | *trumaizōi | *trumaimaz | *trumammai | *trumaimaz |
| Instrumental | *trumanō | *trumaimiz | *trumaizō | *trumaimiz | *trumanō | *trumaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *trumô | *trumaniz | *trumǭ | *trumōniz | *trumô | *trumōnō |
| Accusative | *trumanų | *trumanunz | *trumōnų | *trumōnunz | *trumô | *trumōnō |
| Genitive | *truminiz | *trumanǫ̂ | *trumōniz | *trumōnǫ̂ | *truminiz | *trumanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *trumini | *trumammaz | *trumōni | *trumōmaz | *trumini | *trumammaz |
| Instrumental | *truminē | *trumammiz | *trumōnē | *trumōmiz | *truminē | *trumammiz |
Derived terms
- *trumiþō
- *trumjaną
Descendants
- Old English: trum
- Middle English: trum (in compounds: mistrum; untrum)
- Scots: trim
- English: trim
- Middle English: trum (in compounds: mistrum; untrum)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN